The PDF file includes:
- Fig. S1. Screening for chemoattractants for pancreatic cancer cell invasions and characterization of gradient in the 3D organotypic model.
- Fig. S2. PD7591 in the biomimetic duct channel proliferated in response to the FBS gradient introduced from the biomimetic blood vessel.
- Fig. S3. Vascular invasion and endothelial ablation were observed in multiple primary murine PDAC cell lines and a human pancreatic cancer cell line in our 3D biomimetic PDAC-on-a-chip model.
- Fig. S4. Staining for cleaved caspase-3 and collagen IV (Col IV) in vivo and in 3D organotypic model.
- Fig. S5. Tumor growth rate and caspase signal in endothelial cells in subcutaneous tumor implantation model.
- Fig. S6. Inhibition of the TGF-β receptor signaling pathway reduced the endothelial ablation in human pancreatic cancer cell lines in 2D patterned coculture invasion assay and caspase staining in 2D patterned coculture.
- Fig. S7. Examination of ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7 in endothelial cells and PD7591 in endothelial cell ablation.
- Fig. S8. Representative images of vessel area replaced by tumor cells in 3D organotypic model.
- Fig. S9. Representative images of tumor cell pattern in 2D coculture pattern assays.
- Fig. S10. Schematics describing how CD31 signal intensity and cleaved caspase-3 signal intensity were measured for quantification.
- Legends for movies S1 to S4
- Table S1. Oligo sequences for CRISPR.
- Table S2. Primer sequences for qPCR.
- Supplementary Methods
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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:
- Movie S1 (.mov format). 3D rendering of confocal image z-stack showed that YFP PD7591 (in green) invaded toward the biomimetic blood vessel (stained with CD31 in red) and wrapped around the blood vessel.
- Movie S2 (.avi format). YFP PD7591 (in green) invaded toward the biomimetic blood vessel (stained with CD31 in red).
- Movie S3 (.avi format). YFP PD7591 (in green) and HUVECs (in phase) were plated in 2D patterned coculture invasion assay in the presence of vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide).
- Movie S4 (.avi format). YFP PD7591 (in green) and HUVECs (in phase) were plated in 2D patterned coculture invasion assay in the presence of 5 μM SB431542.