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["Number of trials","Number of patients","Heterogeneity magnitude","Ecological Bias","Centered one-stage IPD-MA power","Naive one-stage IPD-MA power","MA of interaction terms power","Per-Subgroup MA power","Meta Regression power","Centered one-stage IPD-MA BIAS [IQR]","Naive one-stage IPD-MA BIAS [IQR]","MA of interaction terms BIAS [IQR]","Per-Subgroup MA BIAS [IQR]","Meta Regression BIAS [IQR]"]
["5","50","No heterogeneity","No ecological bias","6.2 %","6.3 %","2.7 %","9 %","5.6 %","0.026 [0.815]","0.015 [0.824]","0.02 [0.744]","0.01 [0.676]","-0.023 [2.54]"]
["5","50","No heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.9 %","4.6 %","1.8 %","6.8 %","4 %","-0.041 [0.827]","-0.051 [0.781]","-0.039 [0.736]","-0.036 [0.69]","-0.052 [2.439]"]
["5","50","No heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.1 %","5.4 %","2.4 %","8.1 %","5.2 %","0.011 [0.8]","0.003 [0.809]","0.006 [0.705]","0.004 [0.694]","0.036 [2.557]"]
["5","50","Medium heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.8 %","5.3 %","2.3 %","7.5 %","5.3 %","0.023 [0.862]","0.02 [0.869]","0.017 [0.734]","0.009 [0.702]","-0.02 [2.752]"]
["5","50","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.8 %","5.2 %","2.1 %","6.4 %","6.3 %","-0.023 [0.832]","-0.023 [0.814]","-0.024 [0.734]","-0.017 [0.703]","0.045 [2.737]"]
["5","50","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.6 %","5.7 %","3 %","6.8 %","4.1 %","0.002 [0.857]","-0.003 [0.843]","0.004 [0.778]","-0.005 [0.733]","0.017 [2.65]"]
["5","50","Large heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.4 %","5.9 %","2.7 %","5 %","5 %","0.011 [0.859]","0.007 [0.846]","-0.003 [0.78]","-0.025 [0.715]","0.026 [3.133]"]
["5","50","Large heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5.3 %","5.1 %","2 %","6 %","3.8 %","0.015 [0.856]","0.009 [0.842]","0.006 [0.772]","-0.024 [0.712]","-0.066 [3.364]"]
["5","50","Large heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","6.2 %","6.6 %","2.2 %","6.3 %","4.4 %","-0.048 [0.888]","-0.054 [0.876]","-0.045 [0.779]","-0.077 [0.744]","-0.158 [3.369]"]
["5","100","No heterogeneity","No ecological bias","4.2 %","4.3 %","3.2 %","6.5 %","4.1 %","0.007 [0.533]","0 [0.516]","0.002 [0.496]","-0.002 [0.471]","-0.06 [1.893]"]
["5","100","No heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.9 %","5.4 %","3.5 %","7.8 %","6 %","0.002 [0.578]","-0.006 [0.596]","-0.003 [0.568]","-0.006 [0.529]","-0.084 [1.784]"]
["5","100","No heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","4.6 %","4.3 %","3 %","8.3 %","4.5 %","-0.013 [0.589]","-0.013 [0.585]","-0.019 [0.576]","-0.013 [0.537]","0.076 [1.8]"]
["5","100","Medium heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.2 %","5 %","3.1 %","6.7 %","4.4 %","0.008 [0.598]","0.004 [0.562]","0.008 [0.54]","-0.002 [0.525]","-0.046 [1.976]"]
["5","100","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","6.8 %","5.8 %","3.9 %","7.9 %","3.8 %","0.01 [0.599]","0.007 [0.599]","0.007 [0.567]","-0.001 [0.544]","0.019 [2.104]"]
["5","100","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","4.4 %","4.3 %","2.1 %","6.5 %","4 %","-0.02 [0.56]","-0.024 [0.563]","-0.019 [0.533]","-0.03 [0.53]","-0.069 [2.014]"]
["5","100","Large heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.5 %","6.2 %","3.6 %","4.8 %","4.2 %","0.006 [0.607]","0.007 [0.591]","0.003 [0.573]","-0.02 [0.55]","0.021 [2.55]"]
["5","100","Large heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5.2 %","5.6 %","3.1 %","3.3 %","5.2 %","-0.001 [0.624]","-0.004 [0.586]","-0.008 [0.588]","-0.03 [0.548]","0.019 [2.81]"]
["5","100","Large heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.1 %","4.4 %","2.5 %","3.6 %","5.2 %","-0.006 [0.587]","-0.008 [0.591]","-0.012 [0.56]","-0.031 [0.534]","0.038 [2.721]"]
["5","200","No heterogeneity","No ecological bias","4.7 %","4.4 %","3.9 %","8 %","6.2 %","-0.01 [0.416]","-0.014 [0.418]","-0.013 [0.416]","-0.014 [0.402]","-0.029 [1.359]"]
["5","200","No heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5.1 %","4.7 %","3.9 %","7.8 %","5.2 %","0.006 [0.387]","0.003 [0.386]","0.005 [0.387]","0.001 [0.373]","-0.063 [1.325]"]
["5","200","No heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.7 %","5.1 %","4.3 %","8.3 %","4.1 %","0.01 [0.417]","0.007 [0.423]","0.012 [0.402]","0.008 [0.394]","-0.071 [1.298]"]
["5","200","Medium heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.7 %","5.8 %","4.1 %","5.2 %","4 %","-0.001 [0.429]","-0.003 [0.428]","-0.001 [0.412]","-0.009 [0.418]","-0.049 [1.577]"]
["5","200","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5.6 %","5.4 %","4.2 %","6.4 %","4.5 %","0.01 [0.426]","0.009 [0.417]","0.008 [0.414]","0.002 [0.41]","0.006 [1.6]"]
["5","200","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.3 %","4.9 %","3.7 %","5 %","4.8 %","0.001 [0.398]","0 [0.398]","-0.001 [0.384]","-0.007 [0.39]","-0.005 [1.754]"]
["5","200","Large heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.4 %","5.6 %","4.2 %","2.6 %","4.6 %","0 [0.398]","0.001 [0.399]","-0.001 [0.399]","-0.02 [0.388]","-0.033 [2.4]"]
["5","200","Large heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5.5 %","5.3 %","4.4 %","2.9 %","6 %","0.005 [0.421]","0.004 [0.417]","0 [0.417]","-0.021 [0.396]","-0.059 [2.405]"]
["5","200","Large heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","4.6 %","4.5 %","2.7 %","2.9 %","6.3 %","-0.015 [0.411]","-0.015 [0.405]","-0.015 [0.39]","-0.034 [0.406]","-0.006 [2.336]"]
["10","50","No heterogeneity","No ecological bias","6.1 %","5.8 %","2.3 %","5.4 %","5.1 %","0.014 [0.555]","0.01 [0.553]","0.009 [0.531]","0.008 [0.472]","-0.024 [1.739]"]
["10","50","No heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","3.3 %","3.7 %","1 %","4.8 %","4.4 %","-0.008 [0.562]","-0.01 [0.554]","-0.007 [0.511]","-0.008 [0.474]","-0.037 [1.702]"]
["10","50","No heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","6 %","6.5 %","2.4 %","6.9 %","4.4 %","0.012 [0.584]","0.011 [0.599]","0.008 [0.507]","0.001 [0.503]","-0.039 [1.711]"]
["10","50","Medium heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.5 %","5.4 %","2.4 %","5.1 %","4.6 %","-0.013 [0.607]","-0.013 [0.593]","-0.011 [0.529]","-0.015 [0.488]","0.039 [1.881]"]
["10","50","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.8 %","5.2 %","1.9 %","4.5 %","4.8 %","-0.001 [0.57]","-0.006 [0.573]","-0.001 [0.527]","-0.015 [0.483]","-0.073 [1.858]"]
["10","50","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.5 %","4.8 %","2.4 %","4.5 %","4.8 %","0.01 [0.601]","0.001 [0.579]","0.005 [0.541]","-0.011 [0.503]","-0.131 [1.932]"]
["10","50","Large heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5 %","5 %","1.5 %","3.8 %","4.6 %","0.001 [0.572]","-0.003 [0.562]","0.001 [0.524]","-0.037 [0.497]","-0.16 [2.102]"]
["10","50","Large heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","6.1 %","5.7 %","2.3 %","4 %","3.2 %","0 [0.589]","-0.002 [0.586]","-0.005 [0.531]","-0.037 [0.511]","0.022 [2.207]"]
["10","50","Large heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.2 %","5.2 %","2.5 %","4.1 %","4.1 %","0 [0.564]","-0.003 [0.568]","-0.004 [0.524]","-0.039 [0.479]","-0.078 [2.184]"]
["10","100","No heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.6 %","5.1 %","3.2 %","6.7 %","4 %","0.005 [0.408]","0.001 [0.404]","0 [0.382]","-0.001 [0.369]","-0.008 [1.284]"]
["10","100","No heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","6.1 %","6.6 %","4.2 %","6.8 %","4.2 %","0.004 [0.403]","0.004 [0.402]","0.001 [0.394]","0.003 [0.381]","0.059 [1.353]"]
["10","100","No heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.7 %","5.4 %","3.3 %","5.9 %","3.9 %","-0.006 [0.402]","-0.008 [0.412]","-0.005 [0.379]","-0.008 [0.376]","-0.062 [1.26]"]
["10","100","Medium heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.1 %","5.2 %","2.9 %","4.3 %","4.3 %","-0.002 [0.391]","-0.004 [0.398]","-0.001 [0.37]","-0.01 [0.356]","-0.016 [1.497]"]
["10","100","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5 %","4.6 %","3.2 %","4.5 %","3.9 %","-0.005 [0.398]","-0.005 [0.409]","-0.005 [0.393]","-0.012 [0.372]","-0.001 [1.41]"]
["10","100","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.5 %","5.2 %","3.7 %","4.7 %","5.4 %","0.003 [0.398]","0.002 [0.383]","0.004 [0.377]","-0.007 [0.358]","-0.022 [1.465]"]
["10","100","Large heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.6 %","5.5 %","3 %","2.8 %","3.9 %","-0.001 [0.434]","-0.002 [0.428]","-0.006 [0.407]","-0.041 [0.393]","-0.007 [1.947]"]
["10","100","Large heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.8 %","5 %","3.5 %","2.7 %","4.5 %","0.016 [0.398]","0.015 [0.405]","0.012 [0.373]","-0.021 [0.365]","-0.024 [2.031]"]
["10","100","Large heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.9 %","5.7 %","3.7 %","2.7 %","4.3 %","-0.018 [0.384]","-0.018 [0.382]","-0.016 [0.38]","-0.05 [0.374]","-0.05 [1.956]"]
["10","200","No heterogeneity","No ecological bias","6.2 %","5.6 %","4.5 %","6.8 %","5.8 %","-0.007 [0.289]","-0.009 [0.297]","-0.005 [0.286]","-0.009 [0.279]","-0.05 [0.918]"]
["10","200","No heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.7 %","4.3 %","3.6 %","7 %","5.6 %","-0.004 [0.264]","-0.005 [0.266]","-0.003 [0.27]","-0.006 [0.251]","-0.037 [0.914]"]
["10","200","No heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.5 %","5.8 %","4 %","6.8 %","5.2 %","0.003 [0.279]","0.001 [0.282]","0.001 [0.278]","0.001 [0.271]","0.005 [0.933]"]
["10","200","Medium heterogeneity","No ecological bias","4.8 %","4.3 %","3 %","2.9 %","5.3 %","-0.004 [0.283]","-0.004 [0.27]","-0.005 [0.27]","-0.014 [0.26]","0.005 [1.238]"]
["10","200","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","4.9 %","5.3 %","3.8 %","4.4 %","5.2 %","0.001 [0.286]","0.002 [0.283]","0.001 [0.289]","-0.006 [0.274]","0.025 [1.137]"]
["10","200","Medium heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.2 %","5.2 %","4 %","3.8 %","3.9 %","0.003 [0.315]","0.003 [0.314]","0.002 [0.299]","-0.005 [0.287]","0.002 [1.182]"]
["10","200","Large heterogeneity","No ecological bias","5.6 %","5.8 %","4.1 %","2 %","4.5 %","-0.004 [0.301]","-0.004 [0.301]","-0.005 [0.281]","-0.032 [0.286]","-0.007 [1.618]"]
["10","200","Large heterogeneity","Favouring treatment ecological bias","5.6 %","6 %","4.1 %","1.5 %","5.7 %","0.008 [0.284]","0.007 [0.287]","0.004 [0.276]","-0.027 [0.274]","-0.079 [1.796]"]
["10","200","Large heterogeneity","Favouring placebo ecological bias","5.3 %","5.8 %","4.2 %","1.2 %","4.2 %","-0.005 [0.274]","-0.005 [0.274]","-0.007 [0.273]","-0.033 [0.256]","0.016 [1.526]"]