Author,Year,Rural/Urban,Children in population?,Gender breakdown,Country,Sampling type,Outcome measurement,Study Type,Study Quality,Exposure,Comparator,Disease,caseexpyes,caseexpno,controlexpyes,controlexpno,log odds ratio,sampling variance,Bacterial,Parasite,Virus,Vector-Borne,Zoonotic,Regional meta-analysis,Exposure_based_subgroups,Disease based subgroups Chaiputcha et al,2015,Urban,Yes,Majority Male,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,17,56,2,30,1.5159,0.61,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Chan et al,2008,Rural,No data,No data,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Poor,Agriculture,No agriculture,Toxoplasmosis gondii,127,133,189,250,0.2336,0.0247,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Chudthaisong et al,2015,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,107,198,10,36,0.6655,0.1422,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Dao et al,2016,Rural,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,27,207,2,18,0.1603,0.5974,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Erhart et al,2005,Rural,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Malaria,1245,2176,65,376,0.4216,0.0124,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,Y,Y,Y Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Hookworm,43,15,239,384,1.5273,0.0967,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Intestinal parasite,56,37,226,362,0.8855,0.0521,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,Y, Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,T. Trichiura,11,20,271,379,-0.2624,0.1472,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,A. lumbricoides,0,4,282,395,-1.8608,2.2283,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Giardia intestinalis,2,2,280,397,0.3491,1.0061,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Entamoeba coli,3,2,279,397,0.7582,0.8394,No,Yes,No,No,No,,, Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar,0,0,282,399,0.3465,4.006,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Balantidium coli,1,1,281,398,0.3481,2.0061,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,,, Fuhrimann et al,2016,Urban,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture ,No agriculture,Intestinal parasite,56,37,226,362,0.8855,0.0521,No,Yes,No,No,No,,, Grigg et al,2017,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Plasmodium Knowlesi,64,89,165,591,0.9461,0.0346,No,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Grigg et al,2017,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Oil Palm Plantation,No palm oil plantation,Plasmodium Knowlesi,25,27,203,651,1.0883,0.0835,No,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Grigg et al,2017,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Rice Paddy,no rice paddy,Plasmodium Knowlesi,7,34,221,649,-0.5032,0.1783,No,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Hinjoy et al,2012,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Pig Exposure,no pig farming,Hepatitis E,39,79,132,263,-0.0165,0.0497,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Y,Y, Huong et al,2015,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Vietnam,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Streptococcus Suis,47,32,68,115,0.9098,0.0759,Yes,No,No,No,Yes,Y,Y, Huong et al,2015,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Vietnam,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Pig Exposure,no pig farming,Streptococcus Suis,11,32,0,115,4.4035,2.1264,Yes,No,No,No,Yes,,Y, Kaewpitoon et al,2012,Rural,No,Majority Female,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,30,3,164,139,2.1372,0.38,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,,, Kaewpitoon et al,2015,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,27,6,230,247,1.5754,0.2121,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,,, Kaewpitoon et al,2016,Rural,No,Majority Female,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,16,0,849,53,0.7315,2.0805,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Kawaguchi et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Lao PDR,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Rice Paddy,no rice paddy,Leptospirosis,86,11,280,29,-0.211,0.1406,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Kawaguchi et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Lao PDR,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Livestock Farming,no livestock farming,Leptospirosis,9,88,30,309,0.052,0.159,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Kho et al,2017,Rural,No,Equal,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Livestock Farming,no livestock farming,Ricketsia Conorii,12,2,75,59,1.5518,0.6136,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,,Y Kho et al,2017,Rural,No,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Livestock Farming,no livestock farming,Ricketsia felis,14,0,73,61,3.189,2.0988,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y,Y Manin et al,2016,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Plasmodium Knowlesi,22,4,16,9,1.1294,0.4691,No,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,,, Manin et al,2016,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,Plasmodium Knowlesi,13,4,6,9,1.5841,0.6047,No,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Manin et al,2016,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Oil Palm Plantation,no palm oil plantation,Plasmodium Knowlesi,5,4,2,9,1.7272,1.0611,No,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,,, Ngoc dinh et al,2006,National study,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Poultry Exposure,no poultry farming,H5N1,18,10,52,54,0.6255,0.1933,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Ngoc dinh et al,2006,National level data,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Pig Exposure,no pig farming,H5N1,15,13,48,58,0.3323,0.1817,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,,, Ngoc dinh et al,2006,National level data,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Bovine Exposure,no buffalo farming,H5N1,1,27,1,107,1.377,2.0464,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,,, Ngoc dinh et al,2006,National level data,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Bovine Exposure,no cow farming,H5N1,5,23,14,92,0.3567,0.3258,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,,, Nguyen et al,2006,National level data,No,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Hookworm,885,1146,1285,3458,0.7315,0.0031,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,Y,Y Nguyen et al,2006,National level data,No,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,A. lumbricoides,1400,1938,770,2666,0.9168,0.0029,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Nguyen et al,2006,National level data,No,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,T. Trichiura,653,1064,1517,3540,0.3592,0.0034,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Ong et al,2016,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,0,0,0,0,-0.820980552,0.084252912,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Parashar et al,2000,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Fair,Pig Exposure,no pig farming,Nipah Virus,40,8,71,38,0.9843,0.1904,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Pattasin et al,2012,Rural,No,Equal,Thailand,Random,Clinical diagnosis,Cross sectional,Poor,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,Malaria,0,0,0,0,0.832909123,0.168568461,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,Y,Y,Y Pham Duc et al,2011,Rural,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Case control,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Entamoeba histolytica,30,16,93,45,-0.0973,0.1288,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,,Y Pham Duc et al,2013,Rural,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,A. lumbricoides,202,138,501,584,0.5343,0.0159,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,,Y Pham Duc et al,2013,Rural,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,T. Trichiura,302,271,401,451,0.2258,0.0117,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Pham Duc et al,2013,Rural,Yes,Equal,Vietnam,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Any Helminth,364,304,339,418,0.3896,0.0114,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,, Pham Duc et al,2014,Rural,Yes,Majority Female,Vietnam,Random,Clinical diagnosis,Case control,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Intestinal Enteric Disease,187,45,174,58,0.3258,0.0506,No,No,No,No,No,Y,Y, Rangsin et al,2009,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,59,105,24,89,0.7342,0.0794,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Ridzuan et al,2016,Rural,No,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Bovine Exposure,no cow farming,Leptospirosis,0,0,0,0,1.615419984,0.07674818,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Ridzuan et al,2016,Rural,No,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Bovine Exposure,no buffalo farming,Leptospirosis,0,0,0,0,0.148420005,0.063055335,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,, Ridzuan et al,2016,Rural,No,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Caprine Exposure,no goat farming,Leptospirosis,0,0,0,0,-0.105360516,0.05589389,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,, Ridzuan et al,2016,Rural,No,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Pig Exposure,no pig farming,Leptospirosis,0,0,0,0,-0.083381609,0.150750664,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,, Ross et al,2016,Rural,Yes,Equal,Philippines,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Any Helminth,962,1545,160,507,0.6796,0.0099,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,Y, Rukmanee et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,A. lumbricoides,79,124,846,904,-0.3845,0.023,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Rukmanee et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,T. Trichiura,157,120,768,908,0.4362,0.0171,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Rukmanee et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Hookworm,436,326,489,702,0.6523,0.0088,No,Yes,No,No,No,Y,Y,Y Rukmanee et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Entamoeba histolytica,58,62,867,966,0.0414,0.0356,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Rukmanee et al,2008,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Giardia intestinalis,23,65,902,963,-0.9735,0.061,No,Yes,No,No,No,,,Y Satitvipawee et al ,2012,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Random,Clinical diagnosis,Cross sectional,Fair,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,Malaria,60,10,186,57,0.6091,0.1396,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,Y,Y,Y Somboon et al,1998,Rural,No data,No data,Thailand,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Poor,Agriculture,No agriculture,Malaria,0,0,0,0,1.172482137,0.389205875,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,Y,Y,Y Tan et al,1979,National level data,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Poor,Agriculture,No agriculture,Leptospirosis,30,562,174,3880,0.1742,0.0411,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y, Tan et al,1979,National level data,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Poor,Oil Palm Plantation,no palm oil plantation,Leptospirosis,30,562,62,3992,1.2346,0.0515,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Tan et al,1979,National level data,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Poor,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,Leptospirosis,99,493,328,3726,0.8247,0.0154,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Tan et al,1979,National level data,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Poor,Rice Paddy,no rice paddy,Leptospirosis,37,555,222,3832,0.1404,0.0336,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Tarafder et al,2006,Rural,Yes,Equal,Philippines,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Schistosoma Japonicum,0,0,0,0,0.277631737,0.052893951,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y Tay et al,2000,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Orientia tsutsugamushi,226,66,399,420,1.2822,0.0245,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Tay et al,2000,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,spotted fever group,372,118,253,368,1.5229,0.0178,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Tay et al,2000,Rural,Yes,Majority Male,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Rickettsia typhi,228,106,397,380,0.7221,0.019,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Tay et al,2013,Rural,Yes,Majority Female,Malaysia,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Orientia tsutsugamushi,14,36,35,195,0.7732,0.1329,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Tay et al,1999,Rural,Yes,Equal,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,Orientia tsutsugamushi,45,25,150,80,-0.0408,0.0814,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Tay et al,1999,Rural,Yes,Equal,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,Rickettsia typhi,7,2,188,103,0.651,0.6579,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Tay et al,1999,Rural,Yes,Equal,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Rubber Plantation,no rubber plantation,spotted fever group,130,42,65,63,1.0986,0.0628,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Thayaparan et al,2015,Rural,No,Majority Female,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Leptospirosis,39,32,82,45,-0.4022,0.0913,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Thayaparan et al,2015,Rural,No,Majority Female,Malaysia,Purposive,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Livestock Farming,no livestock farming,Leptospirosis,44,27,54,73,0.7898,0.092,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y, Vallee et al,2010,Urban,No,Majority Female,Lao PDR,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Orientia tsutsugamushi,24,357,23,1567,1.5217,0.0886,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,Y,Y,Y Vallee et al,2010,Urban,No,Majority Female,Lao PDR,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Agriculture,No agriculture,Rickettsia typhi,5,437,42,3411,-0.0734,0.2264,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Vallee et al,2010,Urban,No,Majority Female,Lao PDR,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Rice Paddy,no rice paddy,Orientia tsutsugamushi,31,362,50,1557,0.988,0.0557,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,Y,Y Vallee et al,2010,Urban,No,Majority Female,Lao PDR,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Good,Rice Paddy,No agriculture,Rickettsia typhi,9,430,72,1489,-0.8374,0.128,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,,,Y Wattanayingcharoenchai et al,2011,Rural,Yes,Equal,Thailand,Random,Laboratory based test,Cross sectional,Fair,Agriculture,No agriculture,Opisthorchis Viverrini,737,103,2617,660,0.5903,0.013,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Y,Y,Y