This PDF file includes:

• Supplementary Methods
• Fig. S1. Soil inoculum and sterile effects on community structure of plant pathogens in the shade-house experiments.
• Fig. S2. The relative importance of plant richness, PD, soil microbes, and their interaction for plant productivity in shade-house experiment 1.
• Fig. S3. Partition of complementarity and selection effects of plant diversity on seedling biomass in shade-house experiment 1.
• Fig. S4. Variation in diversity of total and pathogenic fungal OTUs as functions of plant diversity in the sterilized soil of shade-house experiment 1.
• Fig. S5. Regression coefficients of read abundance of pathogenic fungi (top) total fungal richness (middle), and richness of pathogenic fungal OTUs (bottom) as functions of plant PD in different soil biota treatments in shade-house experiment 2.
• Table S1. Results of linear models predicting the biomass production to SR and Faith’s PD of tree communities in test quadrats at five spatial scales of the 50-ha plot, as shown in Fig. 2.
• Table S2. Results of linear models predicting the total height of seedlings in each 1-m² seedling quadrat as a function of SR or Faith’s PD among neighboring tree seedlings at the seedling stage, as shown in Fig. 2.
• Table S3. Results of linear models predicting pot biomass production to SR and Faith’s PD in shade-house experiment 1, as shown in Fig. 4.
• Table S4. Results of linear models of the relationship between PD and total plant biomass production in shade-house experiment 2, as shown in Fig. 6.

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