The PDFset includes:

• Fig. S1. Change in area depends on initial cell loading.
• Fig. S2. Representative images of the living composites before and after incubation in medium.
• Fig. S3. Buckling pattern in living composite coated on a glass substrate.
• Fig. S4. Shape change stability.
• Fig. S5. Representative images of the macroscopic expansion of living composites with varying cross-linker density.
• Fig. S6. Characterization of living composites with varying yeast content.
• Fig. S7. Living composite shape change induced by adding a specific biochemical.
• Fig. S8. Microfluidic device exposed to medium without l-histidine.
• Fig. S9. Yeast proliferation on minimal agar medium.
• Fig. S10. Optogenetic control of shape change in genetically engineered living composites.
• Legends for movies S1 and S2

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• Movie S1 (.mp4 format). Volume change over time of a living composite with 6 wt % embedded yeast.
• Movie S2 (.mp4 format). Shape change of a living composite into a helical structure.