The PDF file includes:

• Table S1. Flow rate for cell loading and phase exchange.
• Table S2. Primer sequences.
• Table S3. Small molecules for the inhibition of molecular pathways regulating hMSC behavior; the concentrations used in this study are adapted from (59, 60).
• Table S4. Statistical tests and P values.
• Fig. S1. Characterization of the hMSC population.
• Fig. S2. Formation of MBs on chip.
• Fig. S3. Structural organization in MBs.
• Fig. S4. Intra-MB analysis of the COX-2 signal with concentric cell layers.
• Fig. S5. Validation of the fluorescence signal patterns.
• Fig. S6. Hypoxia analysis within MBs.
• Fig. S7. Intra-MB fluorescence signal distribution in individual chip.
• Fig. S8. Ratio of Casp3⁺ cells per MB formed with QNZ (n_MBs = 1216), DAPT (n_MBs = 658), Y27 (n_MBs = 709), and CytoD (n_MBs = 458).

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• Movie S1 (.avi format). Time lapse of MB formation.
• Movie S2 (.avi format). Morphology of MB in 3D.
• Movie S3 (.avi format). Representative z stack (from the bottom to the median plan of the MBs) acquired using a spinning disc confocal microcopy showing the distribution of de CD146^dim (Vibrant Dil, green) and CD146^bright (Vibrant DiO, red) within MBs.