Saprobic on dead leaf petioles of Musa acuminata Colla (Musaceae). Sexual morph: Ascomata 70–100 μm high, 90–130 μm diam., solitary, gregarious, coriaceous, immersed to semi-immersed, slightly raised, visible as black spots on host surface, uni-loculate, dark brown to black, globose to ovoid. Peridium 15–20 μm wide, thick-walled, of equal thickness, composed of several layers of dark brown to brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium of 1–2 µm wide, cellular, rarely branching, pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing mostly above the asci and embedded in a mucilaginous matrix. Asci 60–80 × 7–8 μm (x̄ = 70.6 × 7.6 μm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate with a short, rounded pedicel, apically rounded. Ascospores 20–30 × 3–4 μm (x̄ = 25.5 × 3.7 μm, n = 40), overlapping 1–2-seriate, hyaline, fusiform, with acute ends, 1-septate, 3–4 eu-septate, cell near the septum slightly larger, slightly constricted at the septum, straight to curved, smooth-walled, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA reaching 30 mm diameter after 3 weeks at 20–25 °C, colonies medium sparse, circular, flat, surface slightly rough with entire edge, margin well-defined, colony from above: yellow to light brown at the margin, brown at the center; reverse, yellow to light brown at the margin, dark brown at the center; mycelium light brown to whitish grey with tufting; not producing pigments in PDA.

Taiwan, Chiayi, Fanlu Township area, Dahu Forest, dead leaf petiole of Musa acuminata Colla (Musaceae), 21 July 2018 (23°27.530'N, 120°36.340'E), D.S. Tennakoon, SV049 (MFLU 18-2597, new host record), living culture, MFLUCC 18-1632, NCYUCC 19-0119.

As morphological characters (immersed to semi-immersed ascomata, cylindric-clavate, apically rounded asci with short rounded pedicel and hyaline, fusiform, 1-septate ascospores) largely overlap with those of Neosetophoma poaceicola (MFLUCC 16–0886), we report our collection (MFLUCC 18-1632) as a new host record of N. poaceicola from dead leaves of Musa acuminata (Musaceae) in Taiwan. Combined multi-gene (LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1-α) based phylogenies also showed that our collection clustered with Neosetophoma poaceicola (MFLUCC 16-0886), with high bootstrap support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BYPP, Figure 1). Neosetophoma poaceicola was introduced by Thambugala et al. (2017) from dead leaves of grass species in Thailand. However, our collection slightly differs from Neosetophoma poaceicola (MFLUCC 16-0886) in having comparatively slightly larger ascospores (20–30 × 3–4 μm, versus 18.5–22.5 × 3.5–5 μm).

Neosetophoma species have been recorded from various host families, viz. Brassicaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Iridaceae, Malvaceae, Ranunculaceae, Salicaceae, but most are reported from Poaceae (Phookamsak et al. 2014; Karunarathna et al. 2017; Tibpromma et al. 2017, Wanasinghe et al. 2018; Marin-Felix et al. 2019). Interestingly, this is the first Neosetophoma species record (MFLU 18-2597) from the plant family Musaceae.