Family,Genus,Length,Alpha_complexity,Tip_alpha_complexity,Mid_alpha_complexity,Base_alpha_complexity,Male_mass,Male_mass_ref,Testes_mass,Testes_mass_ref,Social_system,Social_system_ref,Ovulation_strategy,Ovulation_strategy_ref,Intromission_duration,Intromission_duration_ref
Ailuridae,Ailurus_fulgens,27.2484,2.5278,4.4229,11.805,1.999,5.4,Silva & Downing (1995),6.35,Anderson & Dixson (2009),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Spanner et al. (1977),25,Roberts & Kessler (1979)
Canidae,Canis_aureus,64.061334,2.8654,6.3057,2.7717,2.834,12,Palmqvist et al. (2002),13.3,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),11.5,Golani et al. (1971)
Canidae,Canis_latrans,75.2,1.818,2.2246,1.8955,3.7749,10.6,Iossa et al. (2008),15.4,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),25,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002)
Canidae,Canis_lupus,99.92,3.1814,3.709,3.0305,3.2827,45,Palmqvist et al. (2002),27.38,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),120,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002)
Canidae,Canis_mesomelas,52.613248,3.5918,5.1777,3.3699,3.8785,8.2,Palmqvist et al. (2002),NA,,SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),NA,
Canidae,Chrysocyon_brachyurus,97.72,2.707,5.6563,2.9052,2.0901,23,Palmqvist et al. (2002),12.68,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Jones et al. (2018),31,Weinhardt & Rodden (1995)
Canidae,Cuon_alpinus,85.05,3.1379,7.2344,3.224,2.6443,17.5,Palmqvist et al. (2002),6.35,Anderson & Dixson (2009),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),20,Sosnovskii (1967)
Canidae,Dusicyon_thous,56.820869,2.8301,3.832,2.7246,3.2515,7,Palmqvist et al. (2002),NA,,SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),8,Brady (1978)
Canidae,Lycalopex_culpaeus,59.506074,3.4922,3.4521,3.5007,3.6484,11.65,Johnson & Franklin (1994),18.8,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),NA,
Canidae,Lycalopex_griseus,36.84793,3.4258,4.0078,3.1997,4.0234,4.6,Palmqvist et al. (2002),11.2,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),NA,
Canidae,Lycaon_pictus,109.28,2.4679,19.063,2.3296,2.8584,25,Palmqvist et al. (2002),31.01,(4)Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),1.87,Van Heerden (1981)
Canidae,Nyctereutes_procyonoides,79.4448,2.003,4.3291,1.9757,1.5444,7.5,Palmqvist et al. (2002),7.44,(4)Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),10,Dixson et al. (2004)
Canidae,Speothos_venaticus,79.04,2.4351,3.7295,2.4932,2.0664,9,Palmqvist et al. (2002),8.24,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Heldstab et al (2018),52,DeMatteo et al. (2006)
Canidae,Vulpes_cana,40.0464,3.1257,3.0708,3.1108,3.5898,0.96,Silva & Downing (1995),0.78,(5)Peters & R�del (1994),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),NA,
Canidae,Vulpes_chama,38.624256,3.3657,2.9922,3.5986,3.5854,2.6,Palmqvist et al. (2002),NA,,SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),NA,
Canidae,Vulpes_lagopus,52.84,3.2241,5.375,2.9355,3.4194,3.8,Palmqvist et al. (2002),4.06,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Kester et al. (2016),37,Valberg Nordrum (1994)
Canidae,Vulpes_vulpes,51.9696,2.9731,6.7051,2.5801,3.3223,6.7,Palmqvist et al. (2002),12.36,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),40,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002)
Eupleridae,Cryptoprocta_ferox,81.486,19.539,44.594,229.25,7.124,7.4,Hawkins (1998),11.15,Anderson et al. (2004),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Dickie (2005),188,Hawkins & Racey (2009)
Felidae,Acinonyx_jubatus,6.4371,1.4569,1.791,1.5345,1.5251,43.7,Iossa et al. (2008),10,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),0.75,Frank & Saffoe (2005)
Felidae,Felis_chaus,3.654,2.4166,2.2679,10.18,6.5625,8.07,Silva & Downing (1995),4.62,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),2.5,Mellen (1993)
Felidae,Felis_silvestris,6.4032,2.8271,37.688,19.508,1.5845,5.01,Iossa et al. (2008),2.74,Brindle & Opie (2016),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),0.25,Dixson (1995)
Felidae,Neofelis_nebulosa,3.9421,1.1245,1.417,1.1025,1.4463,12,Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),NA,
Felidae,Panthera_leo,7.39,0.8844,0.98254,0.90637,1.0907,188,Iossa et al. (2008),55,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),1,Dixson (1995)
Felidae,Panthera_pardus,7.5349,2.3706,6.1211,2.873,1.8752,48.14,Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),0.05,Lanier & Dewsbury (1976)
Felidae,Panthera_tigris,10.5788,2.1298,3.2617,4.3516,2.0605,131.2,Narayan et al. (2013),24.4,Anderson et al. (2004),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),0.2,Lanier & Dewsbury (1976)
Felidae,Prionailurus_bengalensis,5.63,1.444,1.4492,2.9258,1.2739,3.3,Silva & Downing (1995),1.8,(4)Tajima et al. (2016),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),NA,
Felidae,Prionailurus_viverrinus,6.09,3.043,22,5.1719,2.7522,11.3,Iossa et al. (2008),5.5,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),NA,
Felidae,Uncia_uncia,5.4,1.7859,2.1992,1.7734,1.8669,32.5,Iossa et al. (2008),11.4,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Brown (2011),0.22,Lanier & Dewsbury (1976)
Herpestidae,Atilax_paludinosus,17.232561,1.7685,9.3906,3.0161,1.4541,2.956,Baker (1992),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),NA,
Herpestidae,Crossarchus_alexandri,17.4052,1.9797,2.9355,3.4702,1.464,1.55,Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),NA,
Herpestidae,Galerella_pulverulenta,12.995046,2.5996,12.098,3.5781,1.8931,0.911,Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),NA,
Herpestidae,Helogale_parvula,6.356273,1.752,2.5977,2.7949,1.5537,0.249,Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),11,Rood (1980)
Herpestidae,Herpestes_javanicus,13.654215,1.3407,2.5215,2.7153,1.1064,0.693,Iossa et al. (2008),3.92,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),0.83,Datta (2015)
Herpestidae,Herpestes_urva,15.459083,4.0234,1.6458,9.1406,11.773,2.6,(1)Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),NA,
Herpestidae,Mungos_mungo,17.844646,3.1846,3.2666,3.8262,2.5352,1.46,Otali & Gilchrist (2004),NA,,GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),4,Cant & Otali (2002)
Herpestidae,Suricata_suricatta,12.24171,2.1509,3.9492,2.1122,2.2017,0.731,Iossa et al. (2008),1.3,Iossa et al. (2008),SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Hinton & Dunn (1967),NA,
Mustelidae,Aonyx_cinerea,42.7356,10.242,10.438,113.25,7.1172,3.47,Lemasson et al. (2014),NA,,S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),30,Heap et al. (2008)
Mustelidae,Arctonyx_collaris,30.044328,10.879,24.688,9.2734,11.516,8.93,Parker (1977),NA,,S,Zhou et al. (2015),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Eira_barbara,74.658306,6.7666,3.4971,35.594,7.0664,4.32,Silva & Downing (1995),13.3,(5)Poglayen-Newall (1975),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),35,Poglayen-Neuwall (1975)
Mustelidae,Enhydra_lutris,152.75,17.398,12.785,91.5,12.465,32.8,Weckerly (1998),28,(7)Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),14,Dixson et al. (2004)
Mustelidae,Gulo_gulo,85.638879,8.5488,3.1816,156.5,28.25,14.18,Weckerly (1998),17,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),27,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002)
Mustelidae,Ictonyx_striatus,57.971671,4.2183,1.8633,18.688,18.914,0.961,Larivi�re (2002),2.08,(5)Rowe-Rowe (1978),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),106,Rowe-Rowe (1978)
Mustelidae,Lutra_lutra,63.08,3.5459,2.1318,256.5,4.3438,9.6,Silva & Downing (1995),10.8,(7)7Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),22.5,Dixson et al. (2004)
Mustelidae,Martes_flavigula,76.384509,3.0928,2.6328,135.63,3.2764,2.875,Grassman et al. (2006),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Martes_martes,49.3776,8.3906,3.2891,208.13,41.313,1.36,Ferguson & Larivi�re (2004),3.2,(7)Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),60,Dixson et al. (2004)
Mustelidae,Martes_melampus,36.6768,10.04,3.8359,121.5,11.047,1.5,Tatara (1994),0.55,(4)Tatara (1994),S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Meles_meles,82.8792,4.1177,3.0757,164,4.4678,11.6,Weckerly (1998),14.4,Ramm_2007,GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),90,Yamaguchi et al. (2006)
Mustelidae,Mellivora_capensis,63.102332,3.2612,2.4581,13.875,9.7852,9.7,Iossa et al. (2008),54,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Melogale_moschata,24.31078,2.731,3.23,117,1.4639,1.419,Iossa et al. (2008),7.3,(7)Iossa et al. (2008),S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Melogale_personata,56.101617,3.2969,3.0137,178,6.6128,2,Islam et al. (2008),NA,,S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Mustela_itatsi,30.380108,1.6696,1.436,2.0815,4.5557,0.542,Sasaki et al. (2014),1.21,(4)Iossa et al. (2008),S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Mustela_kathiah,29.904043,2.037,1.46,2.7666,3.0944,0.359,Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Mustela_lutreola,35.3484,2.3643,1.4785,7.6875,3.0254,0.854,Iossa et al. (2008),1.4,(7)Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),180,Youngman (1990)
Mustelidae,Mustela_nigripes,35.3808,2.1816,1.8696,18.047,1.9492,1.5,Iossa et al. (2008),2.19,(4)Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),180,Dixson et al. (2004)
Mustelidae,Mustela_nudipes,45.958853,2.2513,1.6201,44.781,12.125,0.645,(1)Silva & Downing (1995),NA,,S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Mustela_putorius,47.48,2.5896,1.4429,22.656,4,1.11,Silva & Downing (1995),3.28,Ramm_2007,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),172,Miller & Anderson (1989)
Mustelidae,Mustela_sibirica,22.49233,2.6514,1.9863,3.1201,4.2109,0.802,Sasaki et al. (2014),1.66,Iossa et al. (2008),S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),160,Amstislavsky (2009)
Mustelidae,Mustela_strigidorsa,40.579366,3.8398,2.7507,139.19,35.438,0.6,Streicher et al. (2010),NA,,S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Mustelidae,Poecilogale_albinucha,18.844925,6.123,10.789,14.281,3.8516,0.332,Silva & Downing (1995),0.21,(5)Rowe-Rowe (1978),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),78,Rowe-Rowe (1978)
Mustelidae,Pteronura_brasiliensis,58.92,16.348,3.9609,172.5,70.875,30,Weckerly (1998),NA,,SM,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),30,Hagenbeck & Wunnemann (1992)
Mustelidae,Vormela_peregusna,43.1244,3.6455,2.7065,49.563,3.4727,0.425,Gorsuch & Larivi�re (2005),NA,,S,(6)Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Amstislavsky & Ternovskaya (2000),NA,
Pinnipedia,Cystophora_cristata,120.1,9.6914,64.5,60.5,50.938,256.7,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),108.1,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),NA,
Pinnipedia,Eumetopias_jubatus,208.7,4.6973,7.1426,139,11.125,615.7,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),177.04,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),16,Dixson et al. (2004)
Pinnipedia,Halichoerus_grypus,199.9488,6.3008,46.688,72.188,3.8193,250.4,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),160,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),30,Dixson & Anderson (2004)
Pinnipedia,Hydrurga_leptonyx,199.9,12.875,22.219,93,44.688,324,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),NA,,10,Marlow (1967)
Pinnipedia,Mirounga_angustirostris,247.9,8.7109,52.969,36,44.531,2275,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),NA,,GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),5.5,Dixson et al. (2004)
Pinnipedia,Mirounga_leonina,209.298744,78,119.88,57.625,176.75,3510,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),796.3,(8)Griffiths (1984),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Soulsbury (2010),6.2,(2)Lebouef (1972)
Pinnipedia,Neomonachus_schauinslandi,154,9.3311,30.562,78.781,39.5,173,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),NA,,NA,
Pinnipedia,Odobenus_rosmarus,485.321757,72.766,47.031,296,106.5,862.9,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),496.2,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),2.5,(9)Sjare & Sterling (1996)
Pinnipedia,Phoca_groenlandica,183.2989,21.094,23.438,35.75,17.797,102.6,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),128,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),NA,
Pinnipedia,Phoca_vitulina,113.29932,25.246,46.938,55.484,21.344,75,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),95.1,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),21,Allen (1985)
Pinnipedia,Phocarctos_hookeri,174.6,4.6357,11.148,65.531,8.7969,223.8,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),66.21,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),GL,Bartholemew (1970),NA,,NA,
Pinnipedia,Zalophus_californianus,115,3.6387,5.5273,47.188,11.617,244.5,Fitzpatrick et al. (2012),NA,,GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),60,Peters & Bartholemew (1967)
Procyonidae,Bassariscus_astutus,49.410432,13.914,27.5,141.88,8.3359,1.32,Silva & Downing (1995),2.6,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),17,Poglayen-Neuwall (1987)
Procyonidae,Nasua_nasua,86.2812,15.883,21.109,437.5,6.2422,4.275,Silva & Downing (1995),8.23,(4)da Paz et al. (2012),GL,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),S,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),60,(3)Hass & Roback (2000)
Procyonidae,Potos_flavus,76.9824,5.8848,3.1895,356.5,19.484,3.53,Kays & Gittleman (2001),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Heldstab et al (2018),150,Kays & Gittleman (2001)
Procyonidae,Procyon_lotor,110.6,5.6914,8.3027,15.613,12.449,5.13,Iossa et al. (2008),13.72,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),60,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002)
Ursidae,Melursus_ursinus,156.55,20.906,29,48.563,11.832,75,Ratnayeke et al. (2007),NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),NA,,35,Joshi et al. (1999)
Ursidae,Tremarctos_ornatus,140.1,10.684,30.75,10.863,8.1289,106,Associated body masses from zoo cadavers recorded at/near time of death,NA,,S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),NA,,60,Bloxam (1977)
Ursidae,Ursus_arctos,122.83044,32.5,66.531,17.516,33.484,200,Ramm (2007),160,Ramm (2007),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),23,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002)
Ursidae,Ursus_maritimus,186.75,36.238,33.5,213,24.063,360,Dixson et al. (2004),131.4,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),I,Larivi�re & Ferguson (2002),71,Ferguson (2012)
Viverridae,Genetta_genetta,6.780024,2.9575,2.7642,6.4453,2.9121,1.87,Silva & Downing (1995),0.96,Iossa et al. (2008),S,Lukas & Clutton-Brock (2013),NA,,3,Larivi�re & Calzada (2001)
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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(1)Sex-specific data not available,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"(2)Data pertains to M. angustirostris matings in the water, as opposed to land",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(3)Data relates to N. narica,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(4)Data based on testes volume assuming an average testes density of 0.81kg/m3 calculated from data provided by Iossa et al. (2008),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"(5)Data based on testes linear dimensions, assuming an average testes density of 0.81kg/m3 calculated from data provided by Iossa et al. (2008)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(6)Data based on assumption of shared social system across genus represented in Lukas and Clutton-Brock,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(7)Data is testes plus epididymes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"(8)Data is from peak breeding season, calculated per tonne body mass",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"(9)Intromission time is for copulation on land, water may be different",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,