AnimaliaColeopteraCoccinellidaeNestor-ArriolaJorge IsmaelToledo-HernándezVíctor HugoSolísÁngelGonzálezGuillermoVětrovecJaroslavThe Brachiacantha Dejean, 1837 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Central AmericaZookeys1632021102415719610.3897/zookeys.1024.5692781015BD6-C571-5B37-AFA3-0DBAEF4ED794 Brachiacantha bistripustulata (Fabricius) Coccinella laevisThunberg, 1781: 20. Coccinella bistripustulataFabricius, 1801: 383. Brachyacantha bis-tripustulata: Mulsant 1850: 528. Brachyacantha bistripustulata: Gorham 1894: 188. Casey 1899: 119. Leng 1911: 296. Korschefsky 1931: 203. Blackwelder 1945: 449. Brachyacantha erythrocephalaGorham, 1894: 188 (non Coccinella erythrocephala Fabricius). Crotch 1874: 211. Brachyacantha decoraCasey, 1899: 119. Bowditch 1902: 206. Brachyacantha bistripustulata var. guttataWeise, 1885: 231. Leng 1911: 297. Korschefsky 1931: 203. Brachyacantha bistripustulata var. decora: Leng, 1911: 298. Leng 1920: 213. Brachyacantha bistripustulata var. minorLeng, 1911: 298. Leng 1920: 213. Brachyacantha bistripustulata var. obscuraLeng, 1911: 299. Korschefsky 1931: 204. Brachyacantha bistripustulata var. quichianaLeng, 1911: 298. Brachyacantha bistripustulata ab. decora: Korschefsky 1931: 203. Brachyacantha bistripustulata ab. minor: Korschefsky 1931: 203. Brachiacantha decora: Gordon 1985: 561. Brachiacantha laevis: Pope 1987: 58. Brachiacantha bistripustulata: Milléo and Almeida 2007: 420. Gordon et al. 2014: 10. Nestor-Arriola and Toledo-Hernández 2019: 539.Material examined.

496 specimens from Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia and Puntarenas; El Salvador: Ahuachapán, La Libertad and San Salvador; Guatemala: El Quiché, El Progreso, Frontera, Jutiapa, Chimaltenango, Baja Verapaz, Santa Rosa and Zacapa; Honduras: El Paraíso, Tegucigalpa, Atlántida, Colón, Cortés, Comayagua, Francisco Morazán, La Paz, Olancho and Yoro; Panamá: Oeste, Coclé, Chiquirí and Darien (CEAM, CNIN, FSCA, USNMNH, OUNMH, MNCR, MUCR, MZCR).

Diagnosis.

Length 3.2–5.4 mm. Width 2.4–4 mm. Dorsally black with three to four orange, yellow or red spots on each elytron, spots sometimes fused. Males with pale-yellow head and pronotal anterior border. Third ventrite bicuspid in males, cusps short, wide and with divergent apex. Male genitalia asymmetrical, penis guide with apical hook.

Distribution.

From the South of the USA to Brazil and Peru, including Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic.

Discussion.

This species is very similar to others in the group, but the shape of the male ventral cusps is different in being wider than long, apically divergent and not strongly pronounced, and is usually enough to differentiate it.

MulsantME (1850) Species de Coléoptères trimères sécuripalpes.Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d’agriculture et d’industrie Lyon2: 11104. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8953GorhamHS (1894) Coccinellidae.Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera7: 177208.CaseyTL (1899) A revision of the American Coccinellidae.Journal of the New York Entomological Society7: 7169.LengCW (1911) The species of Brachyacantha of North and South America.Bulletin American Museum of Natural History30: 279333.KorschefskyR (1931) Coccinellidae I. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Part 118. W.Junk, Berlin, 224 pp.BlackwelderRE (1945) Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 3.Bulletin of the United States National Museum185: 343550. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3CrotchGR (1874) A Revision of the Coleopterous Family Coccinellidae.Janson EW, London, 311 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8975BowditchFC (1902) Notes on Casey’s revision of the American Coccinellidae.Entomological News13: 205207.LengCW (1920) Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico.Mount Vernon, New York, 470 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8777GordonRD (1985) The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America North of Mexico.Journal of the New York Entomological Society93(1): 1912.PopeRD (1987) The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) described by C. P. Thunberg. Insect Systematics and Evolution 18(1): 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631287X00025MilléoJde AlmeidaLM (2007) Notas taxonômicas sobre os Brachiacanthini neotropicais (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Hyperaspinae).Iheringia, Série Zoologia, Porto Alegre97(4): 418424. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212007000400010GordonRDCanepariCHanleyG (2014) South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Part XVI: systematic revision of Brachiacantha Dejean (Coccinellinae: Hyperaspidini).Insecta Mundi390: 176.Nestor-ArriolaJIToledo-HernándezVH (2019) Contribution to the knowledge of the dentipes group of the genus Brachiacantha (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).Zootaxa4701(6): 537552. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.3