Type I interferons in systemic autoimmune diseases: distinguishing between afferent and efferent functions for precision medicine and individualized treatment
- 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- 2Sorbonne Universités, France
- 3Université de Genève, Switzerland
A sustained increase in type-I interferons (IFN-I) may accompany clinical manifestations and disease activity in systemic autoimmune disorders (SADs). Despite the very frequent presence of IFN-I in SADs, clinical manifestations are extremely varied between and within SADs. The present short review will address the following key questions associated with high IFN-I in SADs in the perspective of precision medicine. 1. What are the mechanisms leading to high IFN-I? 2. What are the predisposing conditions favoring high IFN-I production? 3. What is the role of IFN-I in the development of distinct clinical manifestations within SADs? 4. Would therapeutic strategies targeting IFN-I be helpful in controlling or even preventing SADs? In answering these questions, we will underlie areas of incertitude and the intertwined role of autoantibodies, immune complexes, and neutrophils.
Keywords: interferon, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Genetic polymorphism, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), Keratinocytes, autoantibody (autoAb), Systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs)
Received: 26 Nov 2020;
Accepted: 03 Mar 2021.
Copyright: © 2021 Chizzolini, Chasset and Dayer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Prof. Carlo Chizzolini, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH - 1211, Geneva, Switzerland, carlo.chizzolini@unige.ch
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