Referring to the Segre River where the fungus was found.

Spain, Catalonia, La Noguera, Camarassa, Segre river, from sediments, Dec. 2019, D. Torres & J. Gené (holotypeCBS H-24784, cultures ex-type CBS 148241 = FMR 18076).

Subgenus Penicillium, sectionParadoxa, series Atramentosa.

Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 3–5 μm wide. Conidiophores biverticillate or terverticilliate, occasionally irregularly branched with phialides growing directly from branches and divaricate; stipes smooth-walled, 25–215 × 3–4.5 μm; metulae divergent, 2–3 per branch, vesiculate, 7–20 × 2.5–4 μm (vesicle up to 5.5 μm wide); phialides 1–6 per metula, ampulliform, 4–7.5 × 2.5–4 μm; conidia smooth-walled, usually globose to subglobose, some broadly ellipsoidal, 2–4.5 × 2–3.5 μm.

Colonies on CYA, 32–34 mm diam., raised at center, radially sulcate, velvety, brownish violet (11D8) at center, pale orange (5A3) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins entire, sporulation abundant, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse light orange (6A5) to orange (6B7) at center and grayish yellow (4B4) towards periphery; soluble pigment absent. On MEA, 28–30 mm diam., flat, velvety, grayish green (30D6) at center, bluish green (25C8), and white (1A1) at periphery, margins entire, sporulation abundant, conidial masses grayish turquoise (24C3–C4); reverse pea green (29D5), yellowish white (4A2); soluble pigment absent. On YES, 39–43 mm diam., raised at center, radially sulcate, velvety, orange gray (5B2) at center and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins entire, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (28C3); reverse grayish yellow (4B4) and pale yellow (4A3) at periphery; soluble pigment absent. On OA, 23–24 mm diam., slightly elevated at center, floccose, grayish green (26E6), opaline green (25C6) and brownish gray (5C2) towards periphery, margins slightly fimbriate, sporulation abundant, conidial masses dull green (27D3); reverse pea green (29D5) at center and brownish gray (5C2) towards periphery; soluble pigment absent. On DG18, 13–16 mm diam., slightly raised at center, velvety, olive (3D3) at center, grayish turquoise (24B3) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins entire, sporulation abundant, conidial masses grayish turquoise (24B3); reverse, grayish green (1C4) and white (1A1) at periphery; soluble pigment absent. On CREA, 21–27 mm diam., slightly elevated at center, velutinous, apple green (29C7), margins regular, sporulation abundant, conidial masses grayish green (26B3–C3); reverse colorless; soluble pigment absent, acid production absent.

5 °C 3–4, 15 °C 25–26, 20 °C 30–31, 30 °C 29–31, 35 °C no growth, 37 °C no growth, 40 °C no growth.

Spain.

Penicilliumsicoris is closely related to P.mexicanum in series Atramentosa (Fig. 3). Phenotypically, species of this series share a moderately fast colony growth and brown reverse on CYA and YES, and good growth on CREA without acid production (Houbraken et al. 2020). However, our species differs in having an orange to grayish yellow reverse on CYA. In addition, P.sicoris also differs from its counterpart in several micromorphological features: i.e., its conidiophores are bi- or terverticillate, whereas in P.mexicanum they are ter- or quaterverticillate, stipes are shorter (25–215 vs. 65–370 μm), phialides shorter (4–7.5 vs. 7–10 μm) and metulae longer (7–20 vs. 8.5–15.5 μm) than those of P.mexicanum, and its conidia are predominantly globose to subglobose, whereas in P.mexicanum they are broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal (Visagie et al. 2014c). Moreover, P.mexicanum has a more restrictive growth on CREA than P.sicoris (5–8 vs. 21–27 mm diam. after 7 d).