TABLE I.
Measures to Ensure Data Trustworthiness
| Credibility | Member checking was done between questions and at the end of each focus group to ensure the researchers correctly understood the responses from participants. The moderator provided her perception of participants’ responses prior to moving on to the next question, and the assistant moderator summarized participant responses at the end of each focus group to ensure accuracy. |
| Dependability | Following each focus group, four of the five research team members met to debrief and summarize each focus group, and detailed minutes were recorded. Also any biases were voiced, recorded and considered to ensure that the analyses were not influenced by researcher bias. The main position that was addressed was the research team’s perception that children’s physical activity levels and parental involvement would vary based on socio-economic status. Detailed information was documented for the purpose of an audit trail. |
| Confirmability | Inductive content analysis was performed independently and simultaneously by two researchers, who later met to compare their analyses. Data were examined for similarities and differences across the interviews and emerging themes were identified. A summary of the analysis was prepared and discussed. The fifth team member independently reviewed all 10 transcripts and engaged in peer-debriefing with the other team members. |
| Transferability | The research process has been documented in detail, thus enabling potentially interested parties to determine whether our results are transferable to other settings. |
Note: To further reduce the possibility of bias, leaders at the various focus-group sites were utilized to recruit participants, and therefore, the researchers and participants were unknown to each other (with the exception of one focus group, as discussed earlier).