TABLE I.
Characteristics of patients: clinical, anatomical MRI, and EEG features
| Pts | Age (year) | Epilepsy type | Age of seizure onset (year) | Anatomical MRI | Seizure semiology | EEG pattern of usual seizures | Interictal EEG | iEEG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | FLE | 11 | N | Two types: (1) GTC; (2) Absences with staring and unre sponsiveness during 30s. | Bursts of sharp and slow wave discharges followed by low voltage fast activity seen diffusely over both hemispheres. Postictal rhythmic biF sharp and slow wave discharges with L predominance. | BiF sharp and slow wave discharges during sleep; LT spikes; bursts of bil fast activity during sleep (with a L predominance). | None |
| 2 | 29 | LTPE | 18 | N | Déjà vu, anxiety, and palpitations followed by dysphasia and staring. Duration 30 s. | 10 Hz rhythmic sharp wave discharges over the L T areas followed by amplitude increase and reduced frequency. | LT spikes. | None |
| 3 | 19 | RTPOLE | 13 | N | Distortion of the L visual field (sometimes R side also) sometime associated with a loss of consciousness, left eyes deviation and tongue movements. Postictal headache. | 10 Hz rhythmic R TPO sharp activity followed by secondary generalization. | R TPO spikes | None |
| 4 | 26 | Bil TOLE | 9 | Band heterotopia predominating over P, O, and T, R > L | Chest pressure feeling followed by loss of contact, staring, chewing, and sometimes R eyes deviation. | Bil post T (R predominance) slow waves followed by rhythmic fast activity and irregular generalized slow waves. | Bil TO (R predominance) spike and slow waves complexes. | None |
| 5 | 23 | TOLE | 13 | Band heterotopia predominating over the bil F and P regions. | Visual illusions, micropsia followed by blindness or sees lights forming faces. | Prolonged EEG seizures, maximal over post temporal regions with a R predominance | Synchronous and rhythmic sharp-and- slow wave discharges over post head regions. | None |
| 6 | 20 | R TPE | 14 | Complex MCD over the R TPO with large heterotopic gray matter nodules and abnormal overlying cortex. | Visual distortion with color change, followed by confusion. | Brief rhythmic 5 Hz discharges over R TP areas | R TP sharp waves or spikes. | Depth electrodes: regional post T and PO onset. |
| 7 | 11 | RFLE | 5 | R ant. F suspected focal cortical dysplasia. | Sensation of fear followed by a deep breath movement, sometimes followed by a scream and head turn to the L. | Prolonged bursts of rhythmic bil F spike-waves with a clear R predominance. | R F spikes. | Preoperative ECoG: R frontopolar and interhemispheric grids. R F rhythmic spikes. |
| 8 | 68 | RFLE | 1 month before | Single metastasis in the R post SMA | L eyelids clonus followed by jerks of the four limbs. | Bursts of R F slow waves followed by a generalized rhythmic discharge. | — | None |
| 9 | 42 | FCTE | 9 | R F atrophy, L TP and R T trepanation | During night only, slow head and chest flexion followed by L arm extension and R head deviation (5 s). | Bil FC rhythmic sharp wave activity. | R FC slow waves | None |
| 10 | 36 | FTLE | 4 | L FT atrophy | In the childhood: R body weakness post meningoencephalitis. Two types: 1. Drop attacks. 2. Head and eyes deviation to the L, dystonic posturing of the L arm. | Generalized depression then rhythmic slow waves and spikes on the R side. In postictal R rhythmic slow waves. | Generalized slow waves, polysharp-slow waves over the R electrodes, sometimes more over the FT convexity. | ECoG: Strips located over the LFT convexity: technical problem with two of four grids. Absence of early focal left hemisphere discharge during seizures. |
Patients are ordered according to the type of brain lesion. R, right; L, left; Bil, bilateral; T, temporal; F, frontal; C, central; P, parietal; O, occipital; N, normal; MCD, malformation of cortical development; Max, maximum; ECoG, electrocorticography.