Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics and Correlations With/Mean Differences in Participation Frequency (n=124)
| Variable by ICF domain | Total | Participation frequency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Mean (SD)/frequency (%) | r | Mean difference | ||
| Participation: | ||||
| Frequency (0–100) | 50.66 (7.85) | 1 | ||
| Limitations (0–100) | 63.68 (11.71) | 0.54* | ||
| Activity: | ||||
| Life-space mobility (0–120) | 46.99 (17.84) | 0.55* | ||
| Wheelchair skills (0–100) | 75.49 (14.89) | 0.51* | ||
| Functional independence (0–20) | 14.37 (2.79) | 0.22 | ||
| Body functions: | ||||
| Self-efficacy (0–100) | 78.38 (19.19) | 0.54* | ||
| Depression (0–21) | 3.79 (3.13) | −0.24 | ||
| Anxiety (0–21) | 5.09 (3.87) | −0.10 | ||
| Pain (0–150) | 19.12 (28.21) | −0.03 | ||
|
| ||||
| Potential confounding variables | Health condition: | |||
| Comorbidities (0–18) | 2.69 (2.40) | 0.31* | ||
| Neurological condition: | 97 (78.2%) | −(1.70) | ||
| Spinal cord injury | 60 (48.4%) | |||
| Multiple sclerosis | 16 (12.9%) | |||
| Stroke | 12 (9.7%) | |||
| Other (e.g. Cerebral palsy) | 9 (9.3%) | |||
| Non-neurological condition: | 27 (21.8%) | |||
| Amputation | 9 (9.3%) | |||
| Polio | 5 (4.0%) | |||
| Arthritis | 4 (3.2%) | |||
| Other | 9 (9.3%) | |||
| Personal factors: | ||||
| Age | 59.67 (7.49) | −0.28* | ||
| Sex (male) | 74 (59.7%) | (1.71) | ||
| Education (high school graduate) | 110 (89.4%) | (−0.70) | ||
| Income:† | ||||
| <$30,000 | 43 (34.7%) | (−1.91) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 21 (16.9%) | (2.78) | ||
| Married (yes) | 59 (47.6%) | (0.36) | ||
| Employed/volunteer (yes) | 46 (37.1%) | (−2.94) | ||
| Formal training (yes) | 22 (17.7%) | (−2.09) | ||
| Wheelchair assistance (yes) | 39 (31.5%) | (4.81) | ||
| Years experience | 22.31 (16.05) | 0.10 | ||
| Daily use (hours)†† | 12.30 (4.29) | 0.17 | ||
| Environmental factors: | ||||
| Wheelchair | ||||
| Need for seating intervention (0–15) | 1.98 (1.69) | −0.13 | ||
| Social | ||||
| Social support (0–18) | 14.48 (3.71) | 0.39* | ||
| Physical | ||||
| Home barriers (0–10) | 1.10 (1.22) | −0.05 | ||
| Community barriers (0–5) | 1.06 (0.85) | −0.13 | ||
*
included for modeling;
†
mean difference from ≥30,000;
††
n=123;
SD=standard deviation; r=Pearson correlation