Table 2.
Dynamic elastography techniques. Table adapted from [14].
| Modality | Implementations | Commercial name (Manufacturer) | Shear wave | Parameter (units) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Duration | Frequency | Imaging | ||||
| Ultrasound | 1D Transient elastography (TE) | Fibroscan (Echosens) | Mechanical | Transient | 50 Hz | No anatomic image | Young’s elastic modulus (kPa) |
| Point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) | Virtual Touch Quantification (Siemens) | Ultrasound (acoustic radiation force impulse) | Transient | Variable and difficult to precisely control | Location of ROI overlain on 2D B-mode image | Shear wave speed (m/s) | |
| Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) | Shear Wave Elastography (Supersonic Imagine) | Ultrasound (multipoint focalization of acoustic radiation force impulse) | Transient | Variable and difficult ot precisely control | Quantitative elastogram within 2D image, with possibility to superimpose ROI | Young’s elastic modulus (kPa) | |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) | MR Elastography (GE, Philips, Siemens) | Mechanical | Continuous | 60 Hz | Quantitative elastogram of one or more 2D slicesa | Magnitude of complex shear modulus (kPa) |
Note—ROI = region of interest.
a
Not all stiffness data are valid on the 2D elastogram. Valid data is data considered reliable based on confidence map and with good wave propagation.