Table IV. Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) differences at baseline, and changes immediately after, and 12 months after exercise therapy and education between participants with and without comorbidities.

	Baseline EQ-5D-5L Mean (95% CI)	3 mo. EQ-5D-5L Mean (95% CI)	Change 3 mo. EQ-5D-5L Mean (95% CI)	12 mo. EQ-5D-5L Mean (95% CI)	Change 12 mo. EQ-5D-5L Mean (95% CI)
No comor, n=12,128	0.724 (0.722 to 0.726)	0.763 (0.760 to 0.765)	0.039 (0.036 to 0.041)	0.775 (0.773 to 0.778)	0.051 (0.048 to 0.053)
	Difference at baseline	Difference in change at 3 months		Difference in change at 12 months
	Mean (95% CI)	Unadjusted mean (95% CI)	Adjusted* mean (95% CI)	Unadjusted mean(95% CI)	Adjusted* mean(95% CI)
HT, n=5,716	-0.010 (-0013 to -0.006)	-0.004 (-0.008 to 0.001)	-0.004 (-0.008 to 0.001)	-0.008 (-0.012 to -0.003)	-0.008 (-0.012 to -0.003)
HT + DM, n=729	-0.025 (-0.031 to -0.016)	-0.007 (-0.017 to 0.004)	-0.007 (-0.017 to 0.004)	-0.019 (-0.031 to -0.007)	-0.019 (-0.031 to -0.008)
HT + HD, n=630	-0.022 (-0.031 to -0.012)	0.000 (-0.011 to 0.011)	0.000 (-0.012 to 0.011)	-0.023 (-0.037 to -0.009)	-0.023 (-0.038 to -0.009)
Resp, n=558	-0.016 (-0.027 to -0.006)	0.000 (-0.011 to 0.012)	0.000 (-0.011 to 0.012)	-0.008 (-0.022 to 0.005)	-0.008 (-0.022 to 0.005)
HD, n=551	-0.005 (-0.016 to 0.005)	- 0.014 (-0.025 to -0.003)	-0.014 (-0.025 to -0.003)	-0.016 (-0.029 to -0.002)	-0.015 (-0.029 to -0.002)
Neu, n=508	-0.024 (-0.035 to -0.013)	0.002 (-0.011 to 0.014)	0.001 (-0.011 to 0.014)	-0.001 (-0.015 to .013)	-0.001 (-0.015 to 0.013)
RA, n=501	-0.029 (-0.040 to -0.018)	0.010 (-0.003 to 0.023)	0.010(-0.003 to 0.022)	-0.001 (-0.015 to 0.013)	-0.001 (-0.015 to 0.013)
Ulcer, n=447	-0.036 (-0.047 to -0.024)	0.004 (-0.010 to 0.018)	0.004 (-0.010 to 0.018)	-0.010 (-0.027 to 0.006)	-0.010 (-0.027 to 0.006)
Dep, n=408	-0.112 (-0.124 to -0.100)	0.014 (-0.001 to 0.029)	0.014 (0.000 to 0.029)	0.000 (-0.017 to 0.017)	0.000 (-0.017 to 0.017)
DM, n=358	-0.018 (-0.031 to -0.005)	0.000 (-0.017 to 0.017)	-0.002 (-0.017 to 0.012)	0.010 (-0.007 to 0.027)	0.010 (-0.007 to 0.028)
HT + Resp, n=323	-0.024 (-0.038 to -0.010)	-0.003 (-0.018 to 0.012)	-0.007 (-0.022 to 0.009)	-0.002 (-0.019 to 0.015)	-0.002 (-0.019 to 0.015)
HT + RA, n=275	-0.024 (-0.039 to -0.010)	0.010 (-0.007 to 0.027)	-0.002 (-0.019 to 0.015)	-0.008 (-0.027 to 0.011)	-0.008 (-0.028 to 0.011)
HT + Neu, n=274	-0.019 (-0.034 to -0.005)	-0.007 (-0.022 to 0.009)	-0.012 (-0.030 to 0.005)	-0.032 (-0.051 to -0.012)	-0.032 (-0.051 to -0.012)
HT + Ulcer, n=254	-0.030 (-0.046 to -0.015)	-0.002 (-0.019 to 0.015)	-0.001 (-0.019 to 0.016)	-0.015 (-0.034 to 0.005)	-0.014 (-0.034 to 0.005)
Cancer, n=234	-0.014 (-0.030 to 0.002)	-0.003 (-0.020 to 0.014)	-0.008 (-0.026 to 0.010)	-0.015 (-0.033 to 0.004)	-0.015 (-0.033 to 0.004)
HT + Dep, n=203	-0.109 (-0.126 to -0.092)	-0.008 (-0.027 to 0.011)	0.014 (-0.008 to 0.036)	0.024 (-0.004 to 0.053)	0.024 (-0.005 to 0.053)
HT + Cancer, n=137	-0.009 (-0.029 to 0.012)	-0.012 (-0.030 to 0.005)	-0.023 (-0.045 to 0.000)	-0.003 (-0.028 to 0.022)	-0.003 (-0.028 to 0.022)
HT + HD + DM, n=117	-0.048 (-0.071 to -0.026)	-0.002 -0.019 to 0.016)	-0.012 (-0.039 to 0.016)	0.022 (-0.011 to 0.054)	0.022 (-0.010 to 0.054)
Anemia, n=83	-0.003 (-0.024 to 0.029)	-0.008 (-0.026 to 0.010)	-0.002 (-0.032 to 0.029)	0.010 (-0.023 to 0.043)	0.010 (-0.023 to 0.043)
HT + Ren/Liv. n=79	-0.018 (-0.045 to 0.009)	0.015 (-0.007 to 0.037)	0.002 (-0.030 to 0.034)	-0.001 (-0.036 to 0.035)	-0.001 (-0.036 to 0.035)
Number of comorbidities
1 comorbidity, n=9,441	-0.017 (-0.021 to -0.014)	-0.002 (-0.005 to 0.002)	-0.002 (-0.005 to 0.002)	-0.006 (-0.011 to -0.002)	-0.006 (-0.011 to -0.002)
2 comorbidities, n=3,838	-0.036 (-0.040 to -0.031)	-0.002 (-0.007 to 0.003)	-0.002 (-0.007 to 0.003)	-0.011 (-0.017 to -0.006)	-0.011 (-0.017 to -0.006)
3 comorbidities, n=1,173	-0.060 (-0.068 to -0.053)	-0.006 (-0.014 to 0.003)	-0.006 (-0.015 to 0.003)	-0.013 (-0.024 to -0.003)	-0.014 (-0.024 to -0.003)
≥4 comorbidities, n=392	-0.111 (-0.124 to -0.098)	-0.005 (-0.011 to 0.022)	0.005 (-0.011 to 0.022)	-0.004 (-0.024 to 0.017)	-0.004 (-0.024 to 0.017)

n: Number, CI: Confidence interval. Comor: Comorbidities, HT: Hypertension, DM: Diabetes mellitus 1 and 2, Resp: Respiratory disease, HD: Heart disease, Neu: Neurologic disease, RA: Rheumatoid arthritis, Dep: Depression, Ren/Liv: Renal and/or liver disease.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, educational level, not born in Denmark, civil status, physical activity, problems in other joints, use of analgesics, and number of bodily pain areas. Estimates in bold reflect statistical significance (p < 0.05).