Table 1. Background characteristics of study participants by study area.
| Characteristics | Suzhou (Urban) | Gansu (Rural) | Henan (Rural) | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age - years, mean (SD) | 59.8 (7.0) | 57.4 (7.3) | 56.8 (5.6) | 58.0 (6.8) |
| Female | 103 (69.1) | 110 (73.3) | 112 (74.7) | 325 (72.4) |
| Annual household income – Yuan, n (%) | ||||
| <35,000 | 2 (1.3) | 63 (42.0) | 100 (66.7) | 165 (36.8) |
| 35,000-74,999 | 21 (14.1) | 80 (53.3) | 42 (28.0) | 143 (31.9) |
| ≥75,000 | 126 (84.5) | 7 (4.7) | 8 (5.3) | 141 (31.4) |
| Occupation, n (%) | ||||
| Agricultural worker | 0 (0.0) | 67 (44.7) | 101 (67.3) | 168 (37.4) |
| Factory worker | 16 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (4.0) | 22 (4.9) |
| Non-manual labour | 6 (4.0) | 1 (0.7) | 5 (3.3) | 12 (2.7) |
| Retired | 99 (66.4) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 101 (22.5) |
| Home-maker | 15 (10.1) | 79 (52.7) | 34 (22.7) | 128 (28.5) |
| Self/un-employed or other | 13 (8.7) | 1 (0.7) | 4 (2.7) | 18 (4.0) |
| Type of dwelling, n (%) | ||||
| Apartment | 16 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (3.6) |
| House | 133 (89.3) | 150 (100.0) | 150 (100.0) | 433 (96.4) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Do not smoke now | 122 (81.9) | 122 (81.3) | 129 (86.0) | 373 (83.1) |
| Occasional | 4 (2.7) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (3.3) | 11 (2.5) |
| Current-regular | 23 (15.4) | 26 (17.4) | 16 (10.7) | 65 (14.5) |
| Frequency of ETS* exposure, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 75 (51.0) | 30 (20.4) | 45 (30.6) | 150 (34.0) |
| <6 day/week | 12 (8.1) | 49 (33.3) | 46 (31.3) | 107 (24.3) |
| 6-7 day/week | 60 (40.8) | 68 (46.3) | 56 (38.1) | 184 (41.7) |
*
ETS: environmental tobacco smoke.