Figure 4.
Causal estimates of a 1 SD increase in morning plasma cortisol on relevant disease and trait outcomes. Estimates are from two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses using inverse variance weighting to combine estimates from each genetic variant. Panel a) Outcomes from UK Biobank (chronic ischaemic heart disease, cases = 8755, controls = 328444; myocardial infarction, cases = 7790, controls = 328893; diabetes mellitus, cases = 16183, controls = 320290; body mass index, sample size = 336107; osteoporosis, cases = 5266, controls = 331893); b) Equivalent outcomes from non-UK Biobank sources - CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (coronary heart disease, cases = 60801, controls = 123504; myocardial infarction, cases = 43676, controls = 128199), DIAGRAM (type 2 diabetes, cases=26488, controls=83964), GIANT (BMI, sample size = 339224) and GEFOS (lumber spine mineral density, sample size = 28498).