Table 1. Comparison of clinical presentations and outcomes among women with confirmed COVID-19 infection by type of gestationa .
| Characteristics | Singleton pregnancy (n = 859)b | MGP (n = 20) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | 27 (24–30) | 30 (26–34) | 0.0224 |
| GA at admission or delivery, weeks | 38 (37–39) | 34.5 (26–37) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | 360 (41.9) | 10 (50.0) | 0.498 |
| Thyroid | 58 | 0 | NA |
| Anemia | 348 (40.5) | 9 (45.0) | 0.819 |
| Gravida | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 0.511 |
| Parity | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.223 |
| ART conception | 17 (2.0) | 11 (55.0) | <0.001 |
| Total deliveriesc | 618 | 12 | |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Vaginal | 378 (61.2)d | 5 (41.7)e | |
| Cesareanf | 240 (38.8) | 8 (66.7)e | |
| Delivery outcome | |||
| Livebirth | 608 | 25g | NA |
| Stillbirthh | 10 (1.6) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Spontaneous abortion | 15 (1.7) | 2 (10.0) | 0.055 |
| Preterm deliveryh | 53 (8.6) | 8 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| PROM/PPROMh | 26 (4.2) | 3 (25.0) | 0.015 |
| Preterm laborh | 28 (4.5) | 4 (33.3) | 0.002 |
| PPHh | 7 (1.1) | 1 (8.3) | 0.143 |
| Pregnancy complications | |||
| GDM | 18 (2.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Gestational HT | 25 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Pre-eclampsiah | 46 (7.4) | 4 (33.3) | |
| Eclampsiah | 3(0.5) | 1 (8.3) | |
| Oligohydramnios | 41 (4.7) | 1 (5.0) | |
| IUGR | 26 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Symptomatic | 117 (13.6) | 4 (20.0) | 0.505 |
| Asymptomatic | 742 (86.4) | 16 (80.0) | |
| COVID-19 symptoms | |||
| Fever | 64 (7.5) | 2 (10.0) | 0.657 |
| Cough | 62 (7.2) | 3 (15.0) | 0.179 |
| Dyspnea | 36 (4.2) | 2 (10.0) | 0.213 |
| Lab testsi | |||
| WBC | 9700 (8000–11 600) | 9230 (8100–11 430) | 0.864 |
| Platelet | 225 500 (185 300–286 000) | 187 500 (153 800–232 300) | 0.018 |
| Treatment | |||
| Antiviral | 6(0.7) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Steroids | 26 (3) | 4 (20.0) | 0.004 |
| HCQ | 12 (1.4) | 0 (0) | NA |
| ICU admission | 16 (1.9) | 2 (10.0) | 0.060 |
| Maternal death | 7(0.8) | 0 (0) | NA |
Abbreviations: ART, assisted reproductive technology; GA, gestational age; GDM, gestational diabetes; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HT, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; MGP, multiple gestation pregnancy; NA, not applicable; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage; PPROM, preterm PROM; PROM, premature rupture of membrane; WBC, white blood cell.
Values are given as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage).
One woman had vanished twin at 12 weeks and delivered a singleton.
Includes 27 postnatal admissions (25 singleton and 2 MGP).
Nine women had instrumental delivery.
One woman with MGP had vaginal delivery for first twin and cesarean delivery for second twin.
Includes one triplet delivery.
Includes 11 twin pregnancies (n = 22) and 1 triplet (n = 3) pregnancy.
Sample size: n = 618 for singleton pregnancy and 12 for MGP.
Data were available for 756 women (WBC) and 758 women (platelet count).