Table 3. Effects of stem cell transplantation on coverage of the defect.
| Effect and time of evaluation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author | Stem cell/animal model | Treatment group | Control group | Evaluation method | Treatment Group | Control Group | p value |
| Lee, 2004(30) | Human ESCs/Chicken embryo | Intra-amniotic injection of ESCs3 | Intra-amniotic injection of glucose in PBS (4.5 mg/L)a | Adjusted defect length (defect length/original incision length × total body length) |
POD 3, 0.03
POD 5, 0.02 POD 7, 0.02 |
POD 3, 0.07
POD 5, 0.07 POD 7, 0.08 |
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 |
| Lee, 200631 | Human ESCs/Chicken embryo | Intra-amniotic injection of ESCs (n = 15 at all time points) | No intra-amniotic injection (n = 15 at all-time points) | Adjusted defect length (defect length/original incision length × total body length) |
POD 4, 0.05
POD 6, 0.03 POD 8, 0.04 |
POD 4, 0.08
POD 6, 0.07 POD 8, 0.08 |
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 |
| Lee, 2010(32) | Human NCSCs and BM-MSCs/Chicken embryo | Intra-amniotic injection of NSCs or BM-MSCsa | No intra-amniotic injection3 | Adjusted defect length (defect length/original incision length × total body length) |
BM-MSCs, POD 3, 0.05
BM-MSCs, POD 5, 0.05 BM-MSCs, POD 7, 0.05 NSCs, POD 3, 0.08 NSCs, POD 5, 0.07 NSCs, POD 7, 0.08 |
POD 3, 0.08
POD 5, 0.08 POD 7, 0.08 |
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 ns ns ns |
| Li, 2016(36) | Wistar rat BM-MSCs/Wistar rat | BM-MSCs seeded on SIS-ECM | No surgery | No. of animals with complete defect coverage evaluated macroscopically, n/N (%) | 47/69 (68.1%) | 0/30 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Wei, 2020a(37) | Wistar rat BM-MSCs/Wistar rat | Intra-amniotic injection BM-MSCs (n = 32) | Intra-amniotic injection of PBS (n = 28) | Absolute defect area (mm2) | 57.4 ± 4.1 mm2 | 80.2 ± 4.8 mm2 | <0.01 |
| Wei, 2020b(38) | Wistar rat/Wistar rat BM-MSCs | Intra-amniotic injection BM-MSCs (n = 30) | Intra-amniotic injection of PBS (n = 23) | Absolute defect area (mm2) | 78.3 ± 6.3 mm2 | 54.9 ± 4.6 mm2 | <0.05 |
| Dionigi, 2015a(39) | Lewis rat AF-MSCs/Sprague-Dawley rats | Intra-amniotic injection of AF-MSCs | Intra-amniotic injection of PBS | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 31/38 (81.6%) complete coverage, 9/38 (23.7%) | 0/36 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Dionigi, 2015b40 | Lewis rat AF-MSCs/Sprague-Dawley rats | Intra-amniotic injection of AF-MSCs | No injection | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 24/28 (85.7%) complete coverage, 6/28 (21.4%) | 0/21 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Feng, 2016(41) | Lewis rat AF-MSCs and P-MSCs/Sprague-Dawley rats | Intra-amniotic injection of AF-MSCs | Intra-amniotic injection of PBS | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | AF-MSCs, 13/28 (46.4%) complete coverage, 3/28 (10.7%) | 0/22 (0%) | <0.01 |
| P-MSCs, 18/38 (47.4%), complete coverage, 2/38 (5.3%) | |||||||
| Lazow, 2020(43) | Lewis rat AF-MSCs and P-MSCs/Sprague-Dawley rats | Intra-amniotic injection of AF-MSCs | Intra-amniotic injection of PBS | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 11/20 (55.0%) complete coverage; 0/20 (0%) | 0/14 (0%) | <0.1 |
| Ratio of defect area/total area of the head and back (dorsal surface) | Median: 0.09, IQR: 0.06-0.16 | Median: 0.06, IQR:0.04-0.09 | <0.1 | ||||
| Shieh, 2019(46) | New Zealand rabbit AF-MSCs/New Zealand rabbit | Intra-amniotic injection of AF-MSCs | No intra-amniotic injection | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 5/10 (50.0%) complete coverage; 0/10 (0%) | 0/5 (0%) | <0.1 |
| Abe, 2019(44) | Human AF-MSCs/Sprague-Dawley rat | Intra-amniotic injection of AF-MSCs (n = 19) | Intra-amniotic injection of PBS (n = 17) | Absolute defect area and adjusted defect area (area/CRL2) | Area, 53.9 ≡ 11.8 mm2 | Area, 39.2 ≡ 8.1 mm2 | 0.01 |
| Adjusted area, 0.02 ≡ 0.004 | Adjusted area,0.03 ≡ 0.009 | 0.03 | |||||
| Kajiwara, 2017(45) | 3D skin from human AF-derived iPSCs/Sprague-Dawley rat | 3D skin surgical application | No intra-amniotic procedure | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 12/20 (60.0%) complete coverage, 4/12 (33.3%) | 0/61 (0%) | <0.1 |
Note: Data presented with mean ≡ SEM.
Abbreviations: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; CRL, crown-rump length; ESCs, embryonic stem cells; FM, fetal membranes; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; NCSCs, neural crest stem cells.
a
Number of animals not provided.