| CTLA4 (CD152) |
CD80/CD86 (B7) |
Negatively regulates immune responses; restricts CD28 engagement by competing with B7 on antigenpresenting cells |
| HLA-DR+ |
– |
High FoxP3-expressing Tregs (highly suppressive) |
| GARP (or LRRC32) |
TGF-β |
A transmembrane protein expressed in activated Tregs that promotes TGF-β release and activation |
| TNFR2 |
– |
Activates and expands Tregs (highly suppressive Tregs) |
| GITR - glucocorticoid-induced receptor family protein |
– |
Activates and expands Tregs (highly suppressive Tregs) |
| Integrin avβ8 |
TGF-β |
Promotes TGF-β activation and mediates Treg-immune suppression |
| CD39 |
ATP and ADP |
Converts ATP and ADP to AMP |
| CD73 |
AMP |
Converts AMP to adenosine |
| TIGIT |
CD155/CD112 |
Inhibit pro-inflammatory reactions in innate and adaptive cells |
| PD1 |
PDL1, PDL2 |
Negatively regulates immune responses; inhibits CD28 and TCR signalling |
| ICOS |
– |
Memory-like Tregs that use IL-10 and TGF-β to supress dendritic cells |
| LAG-3 |
MHCII |
Outcompetes CD4 to bind MHC II and deliver inhibitory signal to antigen-presenting cells |
| CCR6 |
CCL20 |
Effector-memory Treg |
| CD28 |
CD80/CD86 (B7) |
Co-stimulatory molecule; promotes T cell activation, proliferation, and survival |
| CD45RA-/CD45RO+ |
– |
Memory markers |
| CD45RA + CD25+FoxP3low
|
–- |
Naïve-resting Tregs; predominantly thymus-derived (moderate suppressive activity) |
| CD45RA-CD25+FoxP3high
|
– |
Activated-memory Tregs; predominantly thymus-derived (highly suppressive) |
| CD4+CD25+HLA-DR + Tregs |
– |
Tregs with activated and highly suppressive phenotype |
| CD45RA-FoxP3low
|
– |
Non-Tregs (Th17 signature with RORc upregulation) |
