Table 2. Crude and adjusted models1 for the association of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with scenarios of stunting, overweight and double burden among children enrolled in the Bolsa Família Program in Brazilian municipalities, 2008-2014.
| Variables | Crude models § | Adjusted model § | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stunting burden | Overweight burden | Double burden | Stunting burden | Overweight burden | Double burden | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Urban population | ||||||||||||
| 1st tertile (<54.80%) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2nd tertile (54.80-78.51%) | 1.01 | 0.30-3.45 | 0.80 | 0.51-1.26 | 1.23 | 0.70-2.18 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3rd tertile (≥78.51%) | 0.75 | 0.05-10.54 | 0.65 | 0.34-1.23 | 1.28 | 0.54-3.02 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GDP per capita | ||||||||||||
| 1st tertile (< R$ 6430) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 2nd tertile (R$ 6430-13018) | 0.66 | 0.36-1.22 | 1.36 | 1.12-1.66 | 1.35 | 1.04-1.75 | 0.64 | 0.34-1.19 | 1.36 | 1.11-1.66 | 1.38 | 1.06-1.79 |
| 3rd tertile (≥ R$ 13018) | 1.28 | 0.46-3.53 | 1.46 | 1.09-1.97 | 2.40 | 1.59-3.62 | 1.25 | 0.44-3.55 | 1.45 | 1.08-1.96 | 2.28 | 1.51-3.45 |
| Expected years of schooling | ||||||||||||
| 1st tertile (< 9.03 years) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 2nd tertile (9.03-9.94 years) | 0.38 | 0.20-0.71 | 0.84 | 0.68-1.04 | 0.58 | 0.45-0.76 | 0.40 | 0.21-0.76 | 0.85 | 0.68-1.05 | 0.61 | 0.46-0.80 |
| 3rd tertile (≥ 9.94 years) | 0.49 | 0.20-1.21 | 0.97 | 0.71-1.3 | 0.54 | 0.37-0.80 | 0.51 | 0.20-1.28 | 0.97 | 0.71-1.32 | 0.57 | 0.38-0.85 |
| Unemployment rate | ||||||||||||
| 1st tertile (<4.42%) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 2nd tertile (4.42-7.32%) | 0.58 | 0.30-1.09 | 0.77 | 0.64-0.93 | 0.74 | 0.56-0.97 | 0.59 | 0.31-1.13 | 0.77 | 0.63-0.92 | 0.77 | 0.58-1.00 |
| 3rd tertile (≥7.32%) | 0.54 | 0.23-1.24 | 0.59 | 0.44-0.78 | 0.59 | 0.40-0.87 | 0.56 | 0.24-1.31 | 0.60 | 0.45-0.80 | 0.63 | 0.42-0.93 |
| FHS coverage | ||||||||||||
| Incipient (<30,0%) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Intermediate (30.0-70.0%) | 2.55 | 0.92-7.03 | 1.21 | 0.87-1.68 | 1.02 | 0.61-1.71 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Consolidate (≥70,0%) | 2.14 | 0.72-6.40 | 1.34 | 0.93-1.91 | 1.22 | 0.72-2.07 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Household crowding | ||||||||||||
| 1st tertile (< 18.45%) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 2nd tertile (18.45-29.40%) | 4.54 | 0.93-22.25 | 0.99 | 0.82-1.22 | 0.90 | 0.65-1.23 | 5.11 | 1.02-25.51 | 1.01 | 0.83-1.23 | 0.97 | 0.70-1.33 |
| 3rd tertile (≥29.40%) | 4.35 | 0.69-27.36 | 0.82 | 0.59-1.13 | 0.81 | 0.51-1.29 | 4.73 | 0.73-30.45 | 0.83 | 0.60-1.15 | 0.81 | 0.51-1.31 |
| Number of observations | 18690 | 18690 | ||||||||||
| Number of municipalities | 2670 | 2670 | ||||||||||
No burden (reference category): very low-to-medium prevalence of stunting (<20%) and overweight (<10%)
Stunting burden: high and very high prevalence of stunting (≥20%) and very low-to-medium prevalence of overweight (<10%) Overweight burden: very low-to-medium prevalence of stunting (<20%) and high and very high prevalence of overweight (≥10%) Double burden: high and very high prevalence of stunting (≥20%) and overweight (≥10%)
OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval
FHS: Family Health Strategy; GDP: gross domestic product.
1
Multinomial logistic regression models with fixed effects
§
Model adjusted with dummy variables for each year