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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 7.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2021 Sep 9;374(6566):423–431. doi: 10.1126/science.abj4336

Fig. 4. Phylogeographic reconstruction of the spread of four VOCs and VOIs across the African continent.

Fig. 4

(A to D) Phylogeographic reconstruction of the spread of four VOCs and VOIs across the African continent using sequences showing strict continuous transmission across geographical regions: B.1.351 (A), B.1.525 (B), A.23/A.23.1 (C), and C.1/C.1.1 (D). Curved lines denote the direction of transmission in the counterclockwise direction. Solid lines show transmission paths as inferred by phylogeographic reconstruction and colored by date, whereas dashed lines show the known travel history of the particular case considered.