Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: Virtual Real. 2023 Jan 14:1–16. doi: 10.1007/s10055-023-00747-6

Table 2. Descriptive pre-VR, post-VR and unaffected ROM data.

Patient ID UL affected Joint movement ROM (degrees)
Pre Post Unaffected limb
Pt 1 Shoulder Flexion 159 170* 175
Extension 52 55** 55
Abduction 112 165* 170
External rotation 81 90** 90
Internal rotation 52 85** 85
Pt 2 Shoulder Flexion 168 174* 178
Extension 51 55** 55
Abduction 170 175** 175
Internal rotation 69 75** 75
Pt 3 Wrist Flexion 25 54* 78
Extension 35 56* 83
Supination 75 85* 90
Pronation 80 85* 90
Radial deviation 7 15** 15
Ulna deviation 12 30** 30
Pt 4 Shoulder Flexion 168 172* 180
Extension 57 60* 65
External rotation 82 90** 90
Internal rotation 74 86* 90
Pt 5 Elbow Flexion 118 120* 135
Wrist Flexion 75 80* 85
Extension 80 82* 85
Supination 83 85* 90
Pronation 80 80 90
Radial deviation 20 20 30
Ulnar deviation 10 10 15
Pt 6 Elbow Flexion 90 130** 130
Wrist Flexion 50 58* 85
Extension 20 24* 85
Pronation 80 85* 90
Radial deviation 10 10 15
Ulnar deviation 10 10 30
Pt 7 Elbow Flexion 109 122* 140
Pt 8 Shoulder Flexion 170 175* 180
Extension 50 60* 65
External rotation 55 55 80
Internal rotation 55 55 80
Wrist Flexion 35 40* 80
Extension 62 65* 80
Supination 75 80* 90
Pronation 75 80* 90
Radial deviation 5 10* 15
Ulnar deviation 23 25* 30

ROM Range of Motion in a joint, based on goniometer readings, UL Upper limb

*

Indicates an increase in post-IVR ROM measured in comparison with the pre-IVR

**

Indicates an increase that has come to match the movement of the unaffected limb at the same ROM movement evaluated