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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2023 Apr 5;42(14):2496–2520. doi: 10.1002/sim.9734

Table 5.

Simulation results showing the mean values of the point estimators and the corresponding standard errors (SE) under different assumed values of θ. There were 10 trial replicates for each value of θ. The probability of stopping at stage 1 was 0.15, 0.37 and 0.65 for θ = 0.10, 0.14 and 0.18, respectively.

Type of estimator Estimator Difference in proportions (SE)
θ = 0.10 θ = 0.14 θ = 0.18
MLE/naive MLE (overall) 0.103 (0.054) 0.144 (0.054) 0.184 (0.053)
Unconditionally unbiased/bias-adjusted MLE (stage 1) 0.100 (0.057) 0.140 (0.057) 0.180 (0.057)
Median unbiased estimator (MUE) 0.101 (0.053) 0.142 (0.054) 0.182 (0.054)
UMVUE 0.100 (0.052) 0.140 (0.054) 0.180 (0.055)
Bias-corrected MLE (UBC-MLE) 0.101 (0.054) 0.142 (0.055) 0.183 (0.054)
Conditionally unbiased/bias-adjusted MLE (stage 2) 0.100 (0.111) 0.140 (0.111) 0.180 (0.111)
Conditional MUE (CMUE) 0.115 (0.083) 0.152 (0.080) 0.190 (0.081)
UMVCUE 0.100 (0.062) 0.140 (0.071) 0.179 (0.080)
Bias-corrected MLE (CBC-MLE) 0.111 (0.067) 0.154 (0.073) 0.194 (0.078)