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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 29.
Published in final edited form as: Lung Cancer. 2022 Sep 21;173:94–100. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.09.009

Table 2.

Frequency and independent predictors of discrepant smoking status responses between primary care and self-reported responses (all LHC invitation responders, n=29,698)

All LHC invitation responders (n) 29,698 Nonconcordant smoking status Records n (%) 7,338 (24.7%) Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sex (missing = 1)
   Female 12,862 3,151 (24.5) 1.0 1.0
   Male 16,835 4,187 (24.9) 1.02 (0.97 – 1.08) 1.16 (1.09 – 1.23)
p=0.452 p<0.001
Age groups (missing = 23)
   55-59 9,226 2,341 (25.4) 1.0 1.0
   60-64 7,637 1,882 (24.6) 0.96 (0.90 – 1.03) 0.97 (0.90 – 1.05)
p=0.276 p=0.496
   65-69 6,343 1,554 (24.5) 0.95 (0.89 – 1.03) 0.94 (0.87 – 1.03)
p=0.216 p=0.165
   70-75 4,649 1,108 (23.8) 0.92 (0.85 – 1.00) 0.88 (0.80 – 0.97)
p=0.47 p=0.007
   >75 1,820 451 (24.8) 0.97 (0.86 – 1.09) 0.94 (0.82 – 1.07)
p=0.592 p=0.357
Ethnicity (missing = 611)
White
   British/mixed British 13,917 3,275 (23.5) 1.0 1.0
   Irish 923 210 (22.8) 0.96 (0.82 – 1.12) 0.99 (0.83 – 1.19)
p=0.588 p=0.934
   Other White 4,016 1,041 (25.9) 1.14 (1.05 – 1.23) 1.13 (1.03 – 1.23)
p=0.002 p=0.009
Asian or Asian
   British
   Indian or British Indian 1,250 322 (25.8) 1.13 (0.99 – 1.30) 0.89 (0.77 – 1.03)
p=0.076 p=0.128
   Pakistani or British Pakistani 531 132 (24.9) 1.08 (0.99 – 1.31) 0.90 (0.72 – 1.12)
p=0.480 p=0.341
   Bangladeshi or British Bangladeshi 1483 412 (27.8) 1.25 (1.11 0 1.41) 0.98 (0.86 – 1.13)
p<0.001 p=0.812
   Other Asian 761 204 (26.8) 1.19 (1.01 – 1.40) 1.10 (0.92 – 1.32)
p=0.039 p=0.287
Black
   Caribbean 1223 338 (28.6) 1.24 (1.09 – 1.42) 1.22 (1.06 – 1.41)
p=0.001 p=0.007
   African 736 197 (26.8) 1.19 (1.00 – 1.41) 0.97 (0.81 – 1.17)
p=0.045 p=0.764
   Other black 523 132 (25.2) 1.1 (0.91 – 1.19) 1.05 (0.85 – 1.32)
p=0.367 p=0.638
Mixed
   White and black Caribbean 182 40 (22.0) 0.92 (0.65 – 1.30) 0.84 (0.57 – 1.25)
p=0.623 p=0.390
   White and black African 82 19 (23.2) 0.98 (0.60 – 1.64) 0.66 (0.37 – 1.20)
p=0.939 p=0.170
   White and Asian 118 28 (23.7) 1.01 (0.66 – 1.55) 0.98 (0.62 – 1.56)
p=0.96 p=0.938
   Mixed – other 229 58 (25.3) 1.1 (0.82 – 1.49) (0.74 – 1.45)
p=0.526) p=0.856
Other
   Chinese 261 57 (21.8) 0.91 (0.68 – 1.22) 0.81 (0.59 – 1.12)
p=0.523 p=0.203
   Other 1317 320 (24.3) 1.04 (0.91 – 1.19) 0.97 (0.84 – 1.12)
p=0.532 p=0.707
Not stated 460 126 (27.4) 1.23 (1.00 – 1.51) 1.16 (0.92 – 1.46)
p=0.056 p=0.207
Most recent smoking status (missing = 1)
   Current 11,859 2,382 (20.1) 1.0 1.0
   Former 13,309 2,189 (16.4) 0.78 (0.74 – 0.84) 0.80 (0.75 – 0.86)
p<0.001 p<0.001
   Never 3568 1,805 (50.6) 4.07 (3.76 – 4.41) 4.14 (3.80 – 4.51)
p<0.001 p<0.001
Unknown/other 960
National Index of Multiple Deprivation (missing = 392)
   Quintile 1 (most deprived) 9,449 2,189 (23.2) 1.0 1.0
   Quintile 2 8,601 2,052 (23.9) 1.04 (0.97 – 1.11) 1.00 (0.93 – 1.08)
p=0.274 p=0.996
   Quintile 3 5,291 1,353 (25.6) 1.14 (1.05 – 1.23) 1.09 (0.99 – 1.19)
p=0.001 p=0.069
   Quintile 4 4,361 1,195 (27.4) 1.25 (1.15 – 1.36) 1.16 (1.05 – 1.27)
p<0.001 p=0.003
   Quintile 5 (least deprived) 1,604 464 (28.9) 1.35 (1.20 – 1.52) 1.26 (1.10 – 1.45)
p<0.001 p=0.001
Time since status last updated (missing = 24)
   <12 months 19,615 4,427 (22.6) 1.0 1.0
   12–24 months 4,626 1,259 (27.2) 1.28 (1.19 – 1.39) 1.21 (1.11 – 1.31)
p<0.001 p<0.001
   24–36 months 1,980 582 (29.4) 1.43 (1.29 – 1.58) 1.29 (1.15 – 1.45)
p<0.001 p<0.001
   >36 months 3,453 1,067 (30.9) 1.53 (1.42 – 1.66) 1.42 (1.29 – 1.56)
p<0.001 p<0.001