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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024 Jan 10;31(8):1015–1025. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae009

Figure 4. Associations of PCSK9 and LDL-C genetic scores with respiratory disease endpoints.

Figure 4

Odds ratios are estimated using logistic regression of the weighted PCSK9 genetic score, scaled to a 1-SD lowering of LDL cholesterol, calculated as an inverse-variance weighted average of region-specific estimates with adjustment for age, age2, sex, ascertainment, and region-specific principal components. Prevalent COPD defined on basis of spirometry (see Methods). COPD exacerbations are incident events occurring in individuals with spirometry-defined prevalent COPD.P het is the p-value from a test for heterogeneity for estimates of PCSK9 and LDL-C genetic instruments.