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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 21.
Published in final edited form as: BMC Glob Public Health. 2024 Nov 13;2:75. doi: 10.1186/s44263-024-00104-y

Table 2. Characteristics of lymphoedema cases confirmed by medical team in Idukki District (India).

Characteristics n % (95% CI)
Gender
    Male 11 45.8 (25.6–67.2)
    Female 13 54.2 (32.8–74.4)
Swelling since birth
    Yes 0 0 (0–14.2)
    No 24 100 (85.8–100)
Bilateral swelling
    Yes 9 37.5 (18.8–59.4)
    No 15 62.5 (40.6–81.2)
Fungal infection
    Yes 0 0 (0–14.2)
    No 24 100 (85.8–100)
Swelling in groin
    Yes 0 0 (0–14.2)
    No 24 100 (85.8–100)
Signs/history of other causes of lymphoedema
    Present 16 66.7 (44.7–84.4)
    Absent 8 33.3 (15.6–55.3)
Other causes identified (may be multiple)
Post-surgical
    Yes 9 37.5 (18.8–59.4)
No 15 62.5 (40.6–81.2)
Hypertension
    Yes 8 33.3 (0–55.3)
    No 16 66.7 (44.7–100)
Diabetes mellitus
    Yes 6 25 (0–46.7)
    No 18 75 (53.3–100)
Kidney disease
    Yes 5 20.8 (7.1–42.2)
    No 19 79.2 (57.8–92.9)
Heart disease
    Yes 4 16.7 (4.7–37.4)
    No 20 83.3 (62.6–95.3)
Thyroid disease
    Yes 3 12.5 (2.7–32.4)
    No 21 87.5 (67.6–97.3)
Peripheral neuropathy
    Yes 3 12.5 (2.7–32.4)
    No 21 87.5 (67.6–97.3)
Lymphatic filariasis
    Yes 3 12.5 (2.7–32.4)
    No 21 87.5 (67.6–97.3)

CI Confidence interval (Clopper Pearson)