Table 2. Abridged coding matrix to assess and score trainee use of ‘open discovery’ questions.

Response score	Example
0. Unable to code	Find out if they know about courses and give them a leaflet. Missing data (no response)
1. Telling/suggestion  (giving information)	Get a recipe book. How about walking to work.
2. In my experience	I found that too, this is what I usually do……..
3. Empathy/reflection	That must be difficult. Seems like you’d really like to eat more vegetables.
4. Closed question	Do you feel you have to go to a gym to exercise more?
5. Other open question	Why can’t you fit that into your life?
6. ‘Open discovery’ question	What have you tried? How could you change this?