Table 1. Overview of intervention characteristics.
| Study | Intervention group 1 | Intervention group 2 | Intervention group 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boyer 2005 | Cognitive-behavioural intervention (n = 1062) PROVIDER: Trained civilian research assistants TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: US female Marine training academy |
Health promotion control (n = 1095) Identical to Group 1 but focused on healthier food choices, sports or physical training injuries and risk of cancer | N/A | |
| Bryan 1996 | Education and skills development intervention: condom use (n = 100) PROVIDER: Researcher TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: University |
Education and skills development control: stress management (n = 98) Comparable in format to experimental programme | N/A | |
| Bull 2008 | POWER for Reproductive Health social marketing campaign (n = 6 neighbourhoods) PROVIDER: None (materials self-accessed by participants) TYPE: Information/Education; Resource provision SETTING: Urban community venues (unspecified) |
Comparison group (n = 6 neighbourhoods) PROVIDER: None (no intervention) TYPE: None (no intervention) SETTING: As Group 1. |
N/A | |
| Choi 2008 | Female condom skills training intervention (n = 213) PROVIDER: Health Educators TYPE: Information/ education; practical skills development; resource provision SETTING: Family planning clinics |
GROUP 2: General health promotion intervention (n = 196) Identical to Group 1 except that it ex-cluded practical skills development and focused on general health issues such as cancer and heart disease | N/A | |
| Dancy 2009 | GROUP 1: Mother/Daughter HIV Risk Reduction intervention (MDRR) n = 135 PROVIDER: Mothers (to their daughters) TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development (HIV risk reduction content) SETTING: Not stated |
GROUP 2: Health Expert Risk Reduction intervention (HERR) n = 127 PROVIDER: Female health professionals TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development (HIV risk reduction content) SETTING: Not stated |
GROUP 3: Mother/Daughter Health Promotion intervention (MDHP) n = 141 PROVIDER: Mothers (to their daughters) TYPE: Not stated (nutrition and exercise content) SETTING: Not stated |
|
| DiClemente 2004; | HIV prevention intervention (n = 251) PROVIDERS: A trained female health educator and 2 female peer educators, all African American TYPE: Information/education about HIV risk and prevention; practical skills development for safer sex negotiation and condom use SETTING: Family medicine clinic. |
General health promotion group (n = 271) PROVIDERS: As Group 1 (assumed). TYPE: Information/education about nutrition and exercise. SETTING: As Group 1 (assumed). |
N/A | |
| DiClemente 2009 | GROUP 1: STI/HIV risk reduction intervention (Horizons) (n = 348) PROVIDER: African American women health educators TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development; resource provision SETTING: Sexual health clinic |
GROUP 2: Enhanced usual care comparison (n = 367) PROVIDER: As Group 1 TYPE: Information/education SETTING: As Group 1 |
N/A | |
| Downs 2004 | GROUP 1: Interactive video intervention (n: not reported) PROVIDER: Not reported (stand alone intervention for participant self use) TYPE: Information/Education (video); Practical skills development (cognitive rehearsal) SETTING: Primary care sites (unspecified) |
GROUP 2: Content-matched control (n: not reported) PROVIDER: As group 1 TYPE: Information/Education (book); Practical skills development (cognitive rehearsal) SETTING: As Group 1 |
GROUP 3: Topic-matched control (n: not reported) PROVIDER: As group 1 TYPE: Information/Education (brochures); unclear whether also a practical skills component SETTING: As Group 1 |
|
| Ferguson 1998 | Culturally specific peer-led education and skills based pregnancy prevention programme (n = 33) PROVIDER: Peer counselors (aged 12 to 16 years) TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: Community site |
Individual-led pregnancy prevention programme (n = 30) Similar to group 1, but taught by author alone; type appears to be information/education - unclear whether skills development included | N/A | |
| Jaworski 2001 | Intervention-Motivation-Behavioural skills group (IMB) with motivational enhancement (n not reported) PROVIDERS: Two facilitators who were advanced grade students in clinical psychology with training in sexual health TYPE: Information/education about STI transmission, consequences, prevention and treatment; Motivation enhancement; Practical skills development about sexual communication and assertiveness SETTING: Appears to be a university department. |
Information-only group (INFO) (n not reported) PROVIDERS: As Group 1. TYPE: Information/education about STI transmission, consequences, prevention and treatment. Structured and timed as Group 1 SETTING: As Group 1. |
Waiting list control (WLC) (n not reported) PROVIDERS: None reported. TYPE: Non-intervention group. SETTING: None reported. |
|
| Jemmott 2005 | Skills-based HIV/STD risk reduction intervention (n = 235) PROVIDERS: African-American women with at least a degree and experience working with inner city youth TYPE: Information/education about HIV/STI risks and transmission, risk reduction responsibilities and condom use; practical skills development for condom use and condom negotiation SETTING: Hospital-based adolescent medicine clinic that provided family planning services for low income inner city youth |
Information-based HIV/STD risk reduction intervention (n = 228) PROVIDERS: As Group 1. TYPE: As Group 1 but without practical skills component. SETTING: As Group 1. |
Health promotion control (n = 219) PROVIDERS: As Group 1. TYPE: Structure and timing as Group 1 but comprised information/ education and practical skills development relevant to prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer and stroke; no STI content SETTING: As Group 1. |
|
| Kershaw 2009 | Group prenatal care with an integrated HIV component (Centering Pregnancy Plus) (n = 318) PROVIDER(S): A trained practitioner (e.g. midwife or obstetrician) (unclear whether one or more) TYPE: Group based prenatal care programme with information/education about HIV and sexual communication practical skills development SETTING: Hospital-based obstetrics clinics. |
Group prenatal care (Centering Pregnancy) (n = 335) PROVIDER(S): As Group 1. TYPE: Group based prenatal care programme similar to Group 1 but without HIV and skills components SETTING: As Group 1. |
Individual standard prenatal care (n = 394) PROVIDER(S): As Group 1. TYPE: Individual based standard prenatal care programme. SETTING: As Group 1. |
|
| Koniak-Griffin 2003 | HIV prevention programme (CHARM 1) (n = 347 after attrition) PROVIDER: Trained nurse facilitators delivered content. Specially trained research staff de-livered questionnaires TYPE: Information/Education, Practical Skills development, Resource provision (condoms); about HIV and AIDS SETTING: Schools with pregnant minor or young parents’ programmes |
Healthy living parenting programme (CHARM 2) (n = 150 after attrition) PROVIDER: A nurse facilitator who was not involved in group 1 TYPE: Information/education, practical skills development and resource provision but not specifically about HIV and AIDS (resource provision was the same as group 1) SETTING: As Group 1. |
N/A | |
| Maynard 1994 | Education and parenting skills programme for teenage mothers (n = 1721) PROVIDER: Trained case managers TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: 3 cities; no other details given. |
Usual local welfare services provision for teenage mothers (n = 1691) Standard welfare provision (aid benefits and limited support and services - unclear whether information/education component) | N/A | |
| Morrison-Beedy 2005 | HIV risk reduction group (n = 33) PROVIDERS: Delivered by two trained interventionists who were nurses. Some administrative assistance was provided by trained research assistants TYPE: Information/education about HIV risk reduction and practical skills development for sexual negotiation and assertiveness SETTING: An urban family planning clinic |
Health promotion control group (n = 29) PROVIDERS: The same individuals who delivered Group 1. TYPE: Structured as Group 1 but content did not target sexual or HIV-related behaviours. Instead, it addressed anger management, caffeine use and nutrition, which were not included in the Group 1 intervention. Comprised information/ education but unclear whether also included practical skills development SETTING: As Group 1 |
N/A | |
| Orr 1996 | Brief clinic-based condom use education and practical skills develop-ment session (n = 58 after attrition) PROVIDER: Research assistant TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: Urban family planning and STI clinics |
Brief clinic-based condom use education session (n = 54 after attrition) Similar to group 1, but excludes practical skills development component (condom use practice) | N/A | |
| Peipert 2008 | Individual-tailored dual contraception interactive computer intervention (n = 272) PROVIDER: None (computer delivery self-accessed by participants) TYPE: Participant-tailored information/education on STIs and contraception delivered by interactive computer program SETTING: Secondary care (hospital for women and infants). |
Enhanced standard care interactive computer intervention (n = 270) PROVIDER: As Group 1. TYPE: Standard care information/education on STIs delivered by interactive computer program SETTING: As Group 1. |
N/A | |
| Ploem 1997 | Information, condom eroticisation/nor-malization and communication skills combination intervention (n = 49) PROVIDER: Researcher TYPE: Information/Education about AIDS (video); Practical communication skills development (au-diotape); Condom eroti-cisation (audiotape) SETTING: University |
Information only intervention (n = 44) PROVIDER: As Group 1 TYPE: Information/Education about AIDS (video) only. SETTING: University |
No-intervention control group (n = 19) | N/A |
| Roye 2007 (4 study groups) | HIV risk-reduction counselling and video (n randomised not stated; n = 84 at baseline) PROVIDERS: Trained clinic staff (health care assistants). TYPE: Information/education and practical skills development: Participants received the Group 3 intervention (video) followed by the Group 2 intervention (counselling) SETTING: Not explicitly stated; appears to be family planning clinic(s) |
HIV risk reduction counselling (n randomised not stated; n = 81 at baseline) PROVIDERS: Not stated; appears to be as Group 1. TYPE: Information/education (details not reported) and practical skills development for sexual risk reduction (few details given) SETTING: As Group 1. |
HIV risk reduction video (n randomised not stated; n = 88 at baseline) PROVIDER(S): Mainly self-directed by participants (watching a video) with some contact with a research assistant TYPE: Information/education video about HIV and condom use. Appears also to involve some practical skills development SETTING: As Group 1. |
Usual care (n randomised not stated; n = 84 at baseline) PROVIDER(S): Not re-ported. TYPE: Reported only as usual care, but unclear what this means SETTING: Not reported. |
| Scholes 2003 | Self-help intervention (n = 614) PROVIDER(S): Not reported (self-help materials mailed to participants) TYPE: Information/education (details not specified) delivered by booklet and newsletter; resource provision comprising male and female condoms, condom carrying case and instructions SETTING: Managed care networks (details not reported). |
Usual care (n = 596) PROVIDER(S): Not reported. TYPE: Usual care but no details provided. SETTING: As Group 1. |
N/A | |
| Shain 1999 | Behavioural-cognitive intervention (n = 313) PROVIDER: Female facilitator (same race/ethnic group) TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: Possibily public health care unit or specialist clinic |
Nurse practitioner-led counselling (n = 304) Individualised HIV standard counselling according to the patient’s sexual history and responses to a knowledge test; type and setting as Group 1 except excluded practical skills development | N/A | |
| Shrier 2001 | Safer sex education (n = 60) PROVIDER: female health educators TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING(S): children’s hospital adolescent clinic and inpatient service |
Standard care/STD education (n = 63) STD education provided at the discretion of the treating clinician; excluded practical skills development | N/A | |
| Smith 1993 | Condom desensitisation and AIDS education (n = 199) PROVIDER: Female programme providers (slightly older than students) TYPE: Information/education; practical skills development SETTING: Educational Institution (tertiary education) |
No-intervention (n = 181) | N/A |
NA = Not applicable
NR = Not reported