Table 5. Outcome data: Sexual partners.
| Study | Intervention group 1 |
Intervention group 2 |
Intervention group 3 |
Statistical significance | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boyer 2005 post-intervention (mean 14 months from baseline) | Cognitive-behavioural intervention | Health promotion control | N/A | Statistical significance | Other |
| Sexual intercourse with multiple sexual partners | 377 (28.8%)a | 361 (27.6%) | NR | ||
| DiClemente 2004 | HIV prevention intervention | General health promotion group | N/A | p-value for OR | Adjusted odds ratio (OR), 95% CI) |
| Unadjusted percentage with new vaginal sex partner in past 30 days At 6 month follow-up | 2.7 | 7.4 | P = 0.01 | OR 0.29 (0.11 to 0.77) | |
| Unadjusted percentage with new vaginal sex partner in past 30 days At 12 month follow-up | 3.6 | 5.6 | P = 0.36 | OR 0.59 (0.19 to 1.84) | |
| Percentage with new vaginal sex partner in past 30 days. For full 0 to 12 month period | NR | NR | P = 0.01 | OR 0.40 (0.19 to 0.82) (from GEE regression model) | |
| Jaworski 2001 | Intervention-Motivation-Behavioural skills group (1MB) | Information-only group (INFO) | Waiting list control (WLC) | Statistical significance | Other |
| Mean (SD) number of sex partners in the past 2 months. Baseline | 1.3 (0.54) | 1.2(0.37) | 1.1 (0.40) | NR | |
| Mean (SD) number of sex partners in the past 2 monthsb 2 month follow-up | 0.83 (0.49) | 0.89 (0.46) | 1.1 (0.53) | NR | |
| Proportion with a decrease in number of sexual partners from baseline to 2 month follow-upb | 35% | 21% | 16% | Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.04 Group 2 versus Group 1: P = 0.33 | |
| Jemmott 2005 | Skills-based HIV/ STD risk reduction intervention | Information-based HIV/ STD risk reduction intervention | Health promotion control | p-value for difference based on adjusted means; effect size, d (p-value for d) | Other |
| Mean (SE) number of sexual partners in past 3 months. 3 month follow-up with corresponding baseline data for 3-month completers | Baseline, unadjusted: 1.06 (0. 05) 3 months, unad-justed: 0.98 (0.06) 3 months, adjusted: 0.97 (0.06) | 1.11 (0.06) 1.06 (0.07) 1.04 (0.06) | 1.10 (0.05) 1.10 (0.07) 1.07 (0.07) | Group 1 versus Group 2: P = 0.41; d=NR Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.13; d=NR Group 2 versus Group 3: P = 0.49; d=NR | |
| Mean (SE) number of sexual partners in past 3 months. 6 month follow-up with corresponding baseline data for 6-month completers | Baseline, unadjusted: 1.02 (0. 05) 6 months, unadjusted: 0.93 (0.04) 6 months, adjusted: 0.92 (0.06) | 1.09 (0.06) 1.01 (0.07) 0.98 (0.06) | 1.11 (0.05) 1.04 (0.06) 1.00 (0.06) | Group 1 versus Group 2: P = 0.53; d=NR Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.22; d=NR Group 2 versus Group 3: P = 0.56; d=NR | |
| Mean (SE) number of sexual partners in past 3 months. 12 month follow-up with corresponding baseline data for 12-month completers | Baseline, unadjusted: 1.04 (0. 05) 12 months, unadjusted: 0.93 (0.04) 12 months, adjusted: 0.91 (0.05) | 1.06 (0.05) 1.02 (0.05) 1.00 (0.05) | 1.10 (0.05) 1.06 (0.06) 1.04 (0.05) | Group 1 versus Group 2: P = 0.17; d=NR Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.04; d=0.17 (P = 0.04) Group 2 versus Group 3: P = 0.51; d=NR | |
| Mean (SE) % reporting multiple partners in past 3 months. 3 month follow-up with corresponding baseline data for 3-month completers | Baseline, unadjusted: 12.6 (2. 3) 3 months, unadjusted: 10.7 (2.1) 3 months, adjusted: 10.9 (2.4) | 17.2 (2.7) 15.8 (2.6) 15.1 (2.4) | 15.4 (2.6) 14.9 (2.6) 14.2 (2.5) | Group 1 versus Group 2: P = 0.17; d=NR Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.29; d=NR Group 2 versus Group 3: P = 0.76; d=NR | |
| Mean (SE) % reporting multiple partners in past 3 months. 6 month follow-up with corresponding baseline data for 6-month completers | Baseline, unadjusted: 11.9 (2. 2) 6 months, unadjusted: 9.5 (2.0) 6 months, adjusted: 9.7 (2.5) | 16.8 (2.7) 13.2 (2.4) 12.5 (2.5) | 16.6 (2.6) 15.1 (2.5) 14.3 (2.4) | Group 1 versus Group 2: P = 0.36; d=NR Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.12; d=NR Group 2 versus Group 3: P = 0.54; d=NR | |
| Mean (SE) % reporting multiple partners in past 3 months. 12 month follow-up with corresponding baseline data for 12-month completers | Baseline, unadjusted: 12.4 (2. 3) 12 months, unadjusted: 7.4 (1.8) 12 months, adjusted: 6.9 (2.5) | 15.1 (2.6) 11.4 (2.3) 10.7 (2.5) | 15.3 (2.6) 17.5 (2.8) 16.6 (2.5) | Group 1 versus Group 2: P = 0.20; d=NR Group 1 versus Group 3: P = 0.002; d=0.25 (P = 0.002) Group 2 versus Group 3: P = 0.09; d=NR | |
| Koniak-Griffin 2003 | HIV prevention programme (CHARM 1) | Healthy living parenting programme (CHARM 2) | N/A | Difference between groups in change through time | Other |
| Number of sex partners in past 3 months, mean (SD) [mean adjusted for baseline behavioural intentions]. Baseline | 0.84 (0.46) [0.84] | 0.79 (0.46) [0.79] | P= 0.042 from repeated measures ANCOVA adjusted for baseline behavioural intentions | ||
| Number of sex partners in past 3 months, mean (SD) [mean adjusted for baseline behavioural intentions] 6 months follow-upc | 0.84 (0.50) [0.84] | 0.95 (0.47) [0.96] | Stated significantly fewer sex partners in group 1 at 6 months (n and p NR) | ||
| Number of sex partners in past 3 months, mean (SD) [mean adjusted for baseline behavioural intentions] 12 months follow- upc | 0.95 (0.53) [0.95] | 0.99 (0.48) [0.98] | |||
| Morrison-Beedy 2005 | HIV risk reduction group | Health promotion control group | N/A | Difference between groups: p-value from Chi square test; effect size from mean difference & pooled variance | Other |
| Frequency (mean) of male sex partners in past 3 months. | 1.5 | 2.0 | P = 0.13 Effect size=NR | ||
| Baseline | |||||
| Frequency (mean) of male sex partners in past 3 months. 3-month follow-up | 1.3 | 1.6 | P = 0.46 Effect size=0.11 | ||
| Shain 1999 | Behavioural-cognitive intervention | Nurse practitioner-led counselling | N/A | Statistical significance | Other |
| Percentage not mutually monogamous (where mutually monogamous is defined as having the same steady, faithful, partner (or no sex partner) in the past 6 months Baseline | 69.1 | 63.6 | P = 0.21 | Logistic regression adjusting for baseline values | |
| Percentage not mutually monogamous (where mutually monogamous is defined as having the same steady, faithful, partner (or no sex partner) in the past 6 months 0 to 6 months follow up | 36.9 | 48.2 | P = 0.003 | Logistic regression adjusting for baseline values | |
| Percentage not mutually monogamous (where mutually monogamous is defined as having the same steady, faithful, partner (or no sex partner) in the past 6 months 6 to 12 months follow up | 35.7 | 45.2 | P = 0.01 | Logistic regression adjusting for baseline values | |
| Percentage not mutually monogamous (where mutually monogamous is de-fined as having the same steady, faithful, partner (or no sex partner) in the past 12 months 0 to 12 months follow up | 53.0 | 62.3 | P = 0.008 | Logistic regression adjusting for baseline values | |
| Percentage with rapid partner turnover (having a new sex partner within 3 months of another sex partner) in the past 6 months 0 to 6 months follow up (baseline data not reported) | 20.1 | 22.8 | P = 0.47 (n = 228) | Unadjusted Chi- square analysis | |
| Percentage with rapid partner turnover (having a new sex partner within 3 months of another sex partner) in the past 6 months 6 to 12 months follow up | 10.4 | 22.8 | P < 0.001 | Unadjusted Chi- square analysis | |
| Percentage with rapid partner turnover (having a new sex partner within 3 months of another sex partner) in the past 12 months 0 to 12 months follow up | 26.5 | 32.5 | P = 0.15 | Unadjusted Chi- square analysis | |
| Shrier 2001 | Safer sex education | Standard care/STD education | N/A | Difference | |
| With main partner now, n (%) At baseline | 46 (77) | 47 (75) | NR | ||
| With main partner now, n (%) At 1 month follow up | 30 (75) | 31 (76) | NR | ||
| With main partner now, n (%) At 6 months follow up | 34 (81) | 38 (79) | NR | ||
| With main partner now, n (%) At 12 months follow up | 23 (77) | 31 (91) | P < 0.10 for difference in change from baseline | ||
| With another partner in the past 6 months, n (%) At baseline | 24 (40) | 19 (30) | NR | ||
| With another partner in the past 6 months, n (%) At 1 month follow up | 16 (40) | 12 (29) | NR | ||
| With another partner in the past 6 months, n (%) At 6 months follow up | 10 (24) | 25 (52) | P < 0.05 for difference in change from baseline | ||
| With another partner in the past 6 months, n (%) At 12 months follow up | 7 (23) | 12 (35) | NR |
NR: not reported
a
Denominator for both groups is 1,307 (which is less than the 1381 who completed the study). It is not clear what the denominator is for each of the randomised study groups.
b
not explicitly stated, but it appears that these data exclude the sub-group of up to 20% who became sexually abstinent from baseline to follow-up.