Methods	Allocation: random, no further details. Blinding: single. Duration: until discharge or 6-12 months. Post-discharge follow up to 5 years.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (clinical consensus); selected ‘middle third of prognostic spectrum’ (selection criteria unspecified). N=228. Age: range 16-45 years. Sex: male and female. History: first admission, ‘middle prognostic range’, not remitted with average 14 day observation period. Excluded: people who were assessed as unlikely to be discharged within 2 years, and those whose illness went into remission during 14 day average assessment period
Interventions	1. Individual psychotherapy. N=46. 2. Ataraxic drugs (trifluoperazine). N=48. 3. Individual psychotherapy and ataraxic drugs. N=44. 4. ECT. N=47. 5. Milieu therapy and ataraxic drugs. N=43.
Outcomes	Leaving the study early Menninger Health-Sickness Rating Scale (HSRS).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors’ judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomised, no further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No further details.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open study.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Study attrition not reported. Successive follow-up studies have diminishing sample size
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No details.
Other bias	High risk	Criteria used to select the “middle third of prognostic spectrum” not specified