Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical variables.
| Control N = 56 |
UHR N = 75 |
P | UHR-R N = 22 |
UHR-NR N = 29 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years; mean (SD) | 24.6 (4.2) | 23.3 (4.8) | 0.10 | 23.8 (5.6) | 22.7 (4.7) | 0.44 |
| Gender, Male/Female | 32/24 | 41/34 | 0.79 | 11/11 | 16/13 | 0.78 |
| Handedness, Right/Left | 49/7 | 67/8 | 0.74 | 22/0 | 26/3 | 0.25 |
| Education, years; mean (SD) | 14.9 (2.3) | 12.6 (2.0) | <0.001 | 12.3 (2.0) | 13.0 (2.0) | 0.24 |
| IQ: NART errors; mean (SD) | 17.1 (8.2) | 22.6 (10.8) | 0.003 | 20.3 (8.90 | 23.4 (12.1) | 0.32 |
| Baseline antipsychotic medication: No/ Yes | 56/0 | 72/3 | - | 20/2 | 29/1 | 0.57 |
| Baseline antidepressant medication No/Yes | 50/0 | 69/6 | - | 21/1 | 24/5 | 0.22 |
| Current smoker: No/Yes | 42/14 | 29/46 | <0.001 | 11/11 | 8/21 | 0.15 |
| Cigarettes/day, mean (SD) | 1.7 (3.6) | 5.4 (6.4) | <0.001 | 4.9 (5.9) | 6.8 (7.1) | 0.30 |
| Current alcohol drinker, No/Yes | 9/47 | 18/57 | 0.27 | 6/16 | 6/23 | 0.74 |
| Alcohol units/week, mean (SD) | 8.4 (8.7) | 7.8 (11.5) | 0.75 | 4.0 (5.7) | 9.2 (11.7) | 0.06 |
| Cannabis, ever used, No/Yes | 22/34 | 24/51 | 0.39 | 7/15 | 11/18 | 0.77 |
| Amphetamine, ever used, No/Yes | 48/8 | 55/20 | 0.09 | 16/6 | 23/6 | 0.74 |
| Cocaine, ever used, No/Yes | 45/11 | 50/25 | 0.08 | 14/8 | 19/10 | >0.99 |
| Ecstasy/MDMA, ever used, No/Yes | 42/14 | 58/17 | 0.06 | 16/6 | 23/6 | 0.74 |
| Ketamine, ever used, No/Yes | 54/2 | 65/10 | 0.06 | 19/3 | 25/5 | >0.99 |
| Thought Content abnormalities | 0.1 (0.4) | 3.0 (1.7) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.7) | 0.35 |
| Perception abnormalities | 0.2 (0.7) | 2.7 (2.0) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.9) | 3.0 (2.0) | 0.02 |
| Speech abnormalities | 0.1 (0.5) | 1.6 (1.6) | <0.001 | 1.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.9) | 0.05 |
| Total attenuated positive symptoms | 0.4 (1.2) | 7.3 (3.6) | <0.001 | 5.5 (3.0) | 8.1 (4.1) | 0.01 |
| GAF score | 85.9 (6.7) | 59.2 (11.5) | <0.001 | 62.4 (12.0) | 57.7 (11.3) | 0.16 |
| PANSS-P | 7.1 (0.6) | 12.9 (4.7) | <0.001 | 10.8 (3.6) | 13.4 (4.6) | 0.04 |
| PANSS-N | 7.1 (0.5) | 11.4 (4.3) | <0.001 | 10.5 (3.7) | 11.6 (4.2) | 0.33 |
| PANSS-G | 16.5 (1.0) | 26.2 (6.6) | <0.001 | 25.3 (7.0) | 26.2 (5.9) | 0.60 |
| PANSS-T | 30.7 (1.5) | 50.8(13.1) | <0.001 | 46.5 (11.8) | 51.6 (12.0) | 0.14 |
Abbreviations. UHR: Ultra High Risk; R: remission; NR: no remission; NART: National Adult Reading Test; MDMA: 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning scale; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, P: positive; N: Negative; G: General and T: total.