. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 7.

Published in final edited form as: Health Technol Assess. 2014 Jul;18(45):1–190. doi: 10.3310/hta18450

Table 15. The effect of vitamin D supplementation in gestation on offspring bone mass – Intervention studies.

First Author, year	Risk of bias	Setting	Randomisation and study Details, Age at which children were assessed and technique used	Offspring bone outcomes assessed (units)	Adjustments /confounders accounted for	Number of weeks gestation when 25(OH)D was measured	Mean (SE) maternal 25(OH)D concentration (nmol/l)	Mean (SE) offspring bone outcome (units) in unsupplemented group	Mean (SE) bone outcome(units) in supplemented group	Conclusion
Congdon, 1983 ²²	−9 (high)	Leeds, UK n=64, all Asian women	Either 1000 IU vitamin D plus calcium (calcium dose not given) daily in the 3^rd trimester (n=19) or no supplement (n=45) Offspring assessed within 5 days of birth. Method of bone measurement not given	Forearm BMC (units not given)	Nil, but groups similar in terms of maternal age, infant sex, gestation length, birth weight	Not measured	Not measured	3.10 (0.10)^*	3.19 (0.12)^*	No difference in forearm BMC between groups p value not given

Results expressed in arbitrary units proportional to the mineral mass per unit length of the radius and ulna combined