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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 3.
Published in final edited form as: Genet Med. 2015 Dec 3;18(3):265–274. doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.143

Table 1.

Summary of the data from newborn screening surveys in Africa and the Middle East.

ID Reference Study period Country N Observed Expected (HWE) Exact test (LLR) F IS (%)
%AA %AS %SS %AC %SC %CC %AA %AS %SS %AC %SC %CC
Sub-Saharan Africa
1 McGann et al, 2013 Jul 2011 - Jun 2013 Angola 36,453 77.4 21.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 77.3 21.2 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.103 0.6
2 Kafando et al, 2005 2000, 2003, 2004 Burkina Faso 2,341 72.7 7.3 0.6 16.9 1.2 1.4 71.9 8.2 0.2 17.6 1.0 1.1 0.002 * 5.5
3 Moreno et al, 1994 Not specified Burundi 260 91.5 8.5 0.0 / / / 91.7 8.1 0.2 / / / 0.696 −4.4
4 Moreno et al, 1994 Not specified Burundi 82 73.2 24.4 2.4 / / / 72.9 25.0 2.1 / / / 1.000 2.4
5 Moreno et al, 1994 Not specified Burundi 40 80.0 20.0 0.0 / / / 81.0 18.0 1.0 / / / 0.712 −11.1
Moreno et al, 1994 Not specified Burundi 382 86.4 13.1 0.5 / / / 86.4 13.1 0.5 / / / 1.000 0.4
6 Mutesa et al, 2007 Jul 2004 - Jul 2006 Burundi 637 95.4 4.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.3 4.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.295 4.4
7 Le Hesran et al, 1999 Jan 1993 - Dec 1995 Cameroon 156 75.6 21.8 2.6 / / / 74.9 23.3 1.8 / / / 0.484 6.5
8 Diallo et al, 2008 Feb 2005 - Mar 2005 Congo 1,186 80.3 19.0 0.8 / / / 80.6 18.4 1.0 / / / 0.281 −3.2
9 Van Baelen et al, 1969 Nov 1964 - Apr 1965 DRC 500 73.4 24.0 2.6 / / / 72.9 24.9 2.1 / / / 0.471 3.8
10 Lallemant et al, 1986 Not specified DRC 146 80.8 18.5 0.7 / / / 81.1 17.9 1.0 / / / 1.000 −3.4
11 Mutesa et al, 2007 Jul 2004 - Jul 2006 DRC 84 92.9 4.8 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 93.0 4.6 0.1 2.3 0.1 0.0 1.000 −2.9
12 Tshilolo et al, 2008 Oct 2000 - Aug 2002 DRC 4,116 77.3 20.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.5 21.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 7.0
13 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 70 91.4 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.6 8.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.000 −4.5
14 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 579 81.7 17.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.6 17.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.810 1.2
15 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 717 84.9 14.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.7 14.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.610 2.8
16 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 559 78.7 19.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.4 20.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.528 3.0
17 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 932 84.9 13.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.4 15.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.078 6.9
18 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 1,016 80.6 17.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 18.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.044 * 6.9
19 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 3,069 81.2 17.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.6 18.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.001 * 6.7
20 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 4,217 81.8 16.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.4 17.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.014 * 4.0
21 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 10,445 81.9 16.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.5 17.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 4.0
22 Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 9,600 81.4 17.2 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.9 18.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 4.6
Tshilolo et al, 2009 Jan 2006 - ? DRC 31,204 81.7 16.9 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.3 17.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 4.6
23 Agasa et al, 2010 Dec 2006 - Feb 2007 DRC 520 75.8 23.3 1.0 / / / 76.4 22.0 1.6 / / / 0.236 −5.7
24 Richard-Lenoble et al, 1980 Not specified Gabon 96 89.6 8.3 2.1 / / / 87.9 11.7 0.4 / / / 0.037 * 28.9
25 Ohene-Frempong (Pers.com.) Feb 1995 - Dec 2011 Ghana 343,355 75.6 13.3 0.9 8.8 0.8 0.5 75.2 13.9 0.6 9.2 0.8 0.3 0.000 * 3.9
26 Williams (Pers. Com.) May 2006 - May 2014 Kenya 15,444 84.1 15.1 0.8 / / / 84.0 15.3 0.7 / / / 0.093 1.4
27 Diallo et al, 2008 Feb 2005 - Apr 2005 Mali 1,029 78.4 9.9 0.4 10.2 0.4 0.7 78.3 9.8 0.3 10.6 0.7 0.4 0.263 2.5
28 Kulkarni et al, 1986 Not specified Nigeria 700 75.1 19.7 2.9 2.1 0.0 0.1 74.1 21.9 1.6 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.001 * 10.0
29 Odunvbun et al, 2008 Jun 2000 - Sep 2000 Nigeria 644 75.3 20.7 2.8 1.1 0.2 0.0 74.3 22.7 1.7 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.094 8.7
30 Munyanganizi et al, 2006 2005 Rwanda 987 97.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.000 −1.4
31 Mutesa et al, 2007 July 2004 - July 2006 Rwanda 1,104 97.2 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 97.1 2.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.204 5.0
32 Oudart et al, 1968 Not specified Senegal 345 90.7 7.2 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.0 90.1 8.0 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.061 7.4
33 Mbodji et al, 2003 Oct 1996 - Jun 1997 Senegal 479 88.9 7.9 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.0 87.3 11.1 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.000 * 25.7
34 Tchamago et al, 2006 Mar 2005 - Aug 2005 Senegal 944 88.9 9.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 88.6 9.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.513 5.9
35 Diallo et al, 2008 Not specified Senegal 1,000 91.0 8.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.7 9.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.163 6.1
36 Aebischer et al, 1990 Not specified Tanzania 92 89.1 10.9 0.0 / / / 89.4 10.3 0.3 / / / 1.000 −5.7
37 Aebischer et al, 1990 Not specified Tanzania 101 86.1 12.9 1.0 / / / 85.7 13.7 0.6 / / / 1.000 6.4
38 Aebischer et al, 1990 Not specified Tanzania 30 96.7 3.3 0.0 / / / 96.7 3.3 0.0 / / / 1.000 −1.7
Aebischer et al, 1990 Not specified Tanzania 223 88.8 10.8 0.4 / / / 88.7 11.0 0.3 / / / 1.000 2.0
39 North et al, 1988 Not specified Togo 385 69.9 18.7 1.0 8.8 1.3 0.3 70.0 18.5 1.2 8.9 1.2 0.3 0.970 −1.0
40 Segbena et al, 2002 Not specified Togo 171 64.3 16.4 1.2 15.8 2.3 0.0 64.7 16.9 1.1 14.6 1.9 0.8 0.485 −3.3
North Africa
41 Diallo et al, 2005 Not specified Tunisia 1,329 98.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.000 −0.8
42 Fattoum et al, 2006 Not specified Tunisia 335 97.0 2.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 97.0 2.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.000 −1.2
43 Fattoum et al, 2006 Not specified Tunisia 335 99.1 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 99.1 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.000 −0.3
44 Fattoum et al, 2006 Not specified Tunisia 264 94.3 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.4 5.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.000 −2.9
Fattoum et al, 2006 Not specified Tunisia 2,628 97.0 2.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 97.0 2.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.000 −1.3
45 Hajer et al, 2012 Not specified Tunisia 9,148 97.7 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 97.7 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 1.3
Middle East
46 Mohammed et al, 1992 Oct 1984 - Dec 1985 Bahrain 10,327 86.7 11.2 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.2 14.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 21.2
47 Al Arrayed et al, 2005 Feb 2002 - April 2002 Bahrain 1,995 82.8 16.3 0.9 / / / 82.7 16.5 0.8 / / / 0.682 1.0
48 Al Arrayed et al, 2012 Jan 2008 - Dec 2010 Bahrain 38,940 86.1 13.5 0.6 / / / 86.1 13.6 0.5 / / / 0.156 −0.9
49 Talafih et al, 1996 Not specified Jordan 181 95.0 5.0 0.0 / / / 95.1 4.8 0.1 / / / 1.000 −2.5
50 Khoriaty et al, 2014 Dec 2010 - Mar 2013 Lebanon 10,095 98.2 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 9.9
51 Alkindi et al, 2010 Apr 2005 - Mar 2007 Oman 7,837 94.5 5.2 0.3 / / / 94.3 5.6 0.1 / / / 0.000 * 7.0
52 Al-Awamy et al, 1984 Dec 1981 - Apr 1983 Saudi Arabia 1,697 95.0 4.4 0.6 / / / 94.5 5.4 0.1 / / / 0.000 * 18.8
53 Al-Awamy et al, 1984 Dec 1981 - Apr 1983 Saudi Arabia 2,800 92.8 6.7 0.5 / / / 92.4 7.5 0.2 / / / 0.000 * 10.3
54 Al-Awamy et al, 1984 Mar 1982 - Apr Saudi Arabia 1,124 80.1 18.0 2.0 / / / 79.3 19.5 1.2 / / / 0.021 * 7.8
Al-Awamy et al, 1984 Dec 1981 - Apr 1983 Saudi Arabia 5,621 90.9 8.3 0.8 / / / 90.3 9.5 0.2 / / / 0.000 * 12.5
55 Nasserullah et al, 2003 Dec 1992 - Dec 2001 Saudi Arabia 2,149 97.5 2.4 0.1 / / / 97.5 2.5 0.0 / / / 0.046 * 6.1
56 Nasserullah et al, 2003 Dec 1992 - Dec 2001 Saudi Arabia 21,829 76.3 21.2 2.6 / / / 75.4 22.9 1.7 / / / 0.000 * 7.4
Nasserullah et al, 2003 Dec 1992 - Dec 2001 Saudi Arabia 23,978 78.2 19.5 2.4 / / / 77.3 21.3 1.5 / / / 0.000 * 8.4
57 Al Hosani et al, 2005 Jan 2002 - Dec 2002 UAE 9,165 98.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.3 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 7.1
58 Al Hosani et al, 2005 Jan 2002 - Dec 2002 UAE 13,035 99.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 99.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 6.3
Al Hosani et al, 2005 Jan 2002 - Dec 2002 UAE 22,200 98.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.8 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 6.8
59 Al Hosani et al, 2014 Jan 2002 - Dec 2011 UAE 542,286 99.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 * 8.1
60 Al-Nood et al, 2004 July 2001 - Dec 2001 Yemen 1,500 97.8 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.8 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.000 −1.1

N = sample size. HWE = Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. LLR = likelihood ratio. F = fixation index.

*

indicate surveys for which observed and expected counts differ significantly (p<0.05).