Table 4.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the risk factors and latent class membership (n=8,769)

			Class
		N	Infrequent delayed	Infrequent persistent	Frequent delayed	Frequent persistent
Gender (male)		8769	1.91 [1.58, 2.31]	2.46 [2.02, 2.99]	2.21 [1.55,3.14]	3.20 [2.36, 4.34]
			p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
Child Development at 18 months (per 1 SD of change)
Communication	Unadjusted	8217	1.26 [1.14, 1.39]	1.24 [1.13, 1.37]	1.41 [1.13,1.75]	1.35 [1.16, 1.57]
			p<0.001	p<0.001	p=0.002	p<0.001
	Adjusted	7508	1.15 [1.04, 1.27]	1.07 [0.97, 1.19]	1.22 [0.95, 1.55]	1.21 [1.02, 1.44]
			p=0.005	p=0.167	p=0.115	p=0.026
Social skills	Unadjusted	8209	1.20 [1.09, 1.32]	1.18 [1.07, 1.30]	1.63 [1.30, 2.03]	1.34 [1.15, 1.55]
			p<0.001	p=0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
	Adjusted	7502	1.22 [1.10, 1.35]	1.06 [0.95, 1.17]	1.44 [1.11, 1.88]	1.33 [1.11, 1.58]
			p<0.001	p=0.140	p=0.003	p=0.003
Gross motor skills	Unadjusted	8210	1.14 [1.04, 1.26]	1.13 [1.04, 1.24]	1.36 [1.19, 1.56]	1.21 [1.06, 1.37]
			p=0.005	p=0.005	p<0.001	p=0.005
	Adjusted	7501	1.13 [1.03, 1.25]	1.11 [1.01, 1.22]	1.30 [1.11, 1.52]	1.23 [1.08, 1.42]
			p=0.013	p=0.021	p=0.001	p=0.002
Fine motor skills	Unadjusted	8211	1.07 [0.97, 1.19]	1.15 [1.05, 1.26]	1.29 [1.08, 1.54]	1.13 [0.97, 1.31]
			p=0.183	p=0.003	p=0.005	p=0.121
	Adjusted	7503	0.99 [0.89, 1.10]	1.10 [0.99, 1.21]	1.27 [1.03, 1.56]	1.06 [0.89, 1.25]
			p=0.832	p=0.076	p=0.023	p=0.532
Parental history of wetting
Maternal history	Unadjusted	7649	1.68 [1.20 2.36]	2.97 [2.26, 3.89]	3.47 [2.17,5.56]	3.87 [2.67, 5.61]
			p=0.003	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
	Adjusted	6998	1.79 [1.25, 2.58]	3.23 [2.40, 4.33]	3.95 [2.39, 6.53]	3.91 [2.60, 5.88]
			p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
Paternal history	Unadjusted	5798	1.40 [0.97, 2.02]	1.35 [0.94, 1.94]	2.17 [1.24, 3.80]	2.23 [1.41, 3.54]
			p=0.070	p=0.100	p=0.006	p=0.001
	Adjusted	5407	1.53 [1.07, 2.19]	1.42 [0.987, 2.05]	2.27 [1.24, 4.18]	2.26 [1.38, 3.71]
			p=0.020	p=0.065	p=0.008	p=0.001
Obstetric variables
Gestational length (<37 weeks)	Unadjusted	8769	1.30 [0.88, 1.14]	1.09 [0.72, 1.64]	0.93 [0.41, 2.10]	1.02 [0.55, 1.88]
			p=0.188	p=0.686	p=0.864	p=0.946
	Adjusted	7871	1.19 [0.76, 1.85]	1.02 [0.64, 1.63]	0.94 [0.39, 2.26]	0.82 [0.40, 1.70]
			p=0.450	p=0.938	p=0.888	p=0.599
Birth weight (<2.5kg)	Unadjusted	8769	1.12 [0.68, 1.84]	0.39 [0.07, 2.04]	0.81 [0.45, 1.49]	0.72 [0.29, 1.80]
			p=0.660	p=0.265	p=0.505	p=0.486
	Adjusted	7871	0.92 [0.55, 1.53]	0.97 [0.58, 1.62]	0.45 [0.15, 1.35]	1.22 [0.65, 2.28]
			p=0.737	p=0.907	p=0.154	p=0.538

Odds ratios for these analyses were derived in relation to the normative latent class of nighttime bladder control, which was used as the baseline category (reference group).

All models adjusted for gender, social class and family adversity. Birth weight analysis additionally adjusted for length of gestation.