Table 3.

Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) estimates of pneumonia in children 0–4 years of age in countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa region shown as national level totals (incidence) and by causative pathogens; estimates of the number of new severe episodes (according to WHO’s definition) in the year 2010 that require hospitalisations, shown as national level totals (severe episodes, all ALRI) and by causative pathogens; and estimates of the number of child deaths attributable to pneumonia in 2011 (mortality, all ALRI) and the proportion of deaths caused by causative pathogens.

Population 0–4 years = 134,240,762
	Number of cases	Incidence/year	% of cases
All ALRI	36,412,108	0.271 (0.213-0.338)a	100
Of which:
Streptococcus pneumoniae	2,575,393	0.019 (0.015-0.022)	7.1
Haemophilus influenzae type b	780,756	0.006 (0.003-0.006)	2.1
Respiratory syncytial virus	10,501,165	0.078 (0.061-0.090)	28.8
Influenza virus	6,215,546	0.046 (0.056-0.053)	17.1
Other cause estimates not available
Severe ALRI (severe morbidity) Of which:	4,166,781	0.031 (0.018-0.036)	100
Streptococcus pneumoniae	761,241	0.006 (0.004-0.007)	18
Haemophilus influenzae type b	130,134	0.001 (0.0005-0.001)	3
Respiratory syncytial virus	558,669	0.004 (0.003-0.005)	13
Influenza virus	171,931	0.001 (0.001-0.002)	4
Other cause estimates not available
ALRI Deaths (morbidity) Of which:	531,451	0.004 (0.002-0.005)	100
Streptococcus pneumoniae	173,896	0.0013 (0.001-0.002)	33
Haemophilus influenzae type b	42,404	0.0003 (0.0001-0.0004)	8
Other cause estimates not available

ALRI, acute lower respiratory infection;

^aInterquartile range of incidences in 46 WHO-Afro countries

Adapted from Rudan et al [24]