. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 23.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes. 2016 Feb 9;65(5):1231–1244. doi: 10.2337/db15-0996

Table 3.

Prospective associations between birthweight and childhood methylation, between cord blood methylation at birth and childhood BMI, between childhood BMI and adolescent methylation, and between childhood methylation and adolescent BMI

Exposure	Outcome	CpG site	N	Association without adjustment for the outcome at baseline^*		N	Association with adjustment for the outcome at baseline^*
				β (95% CI)	p-value		β (95% CI)	p-value
Birth methylation	Childhood BMI	cg22891070	890	−1.70 (−3.66, 0.30)^a	0.10	874	−1.65 (−3.52, 0.26)^a	0.09
		cg27146050	890	−0.03 (−1.04, 1.00)^a	0.96	874	0.21 (−0.77, 1.21)^a	0.67
		cg16672562	890	−2.66 (−5.10, −0.16)^a	0.04	874	−2.23 (−4.58, 0.17)^a	0.07

Birth weight	Childhood methylation	cg22891070	957	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)^b	0.01	871	0.02 (0.003, 0.035)^b	0.02
		cg27146050	957	0.01 (0.001, 0.012)^b	0.02	871	0.01 (0.003, 0.014)^b	0.04
		cg16672562	957	0.03 (0.01, 0.05)^b	0.01	871	0.03 (0.006, 0.046)^b	0.01

Childhood methylation	Adolescent BMI	cg22891070	922	0.68 (−0.40, 1.76)^a	0.22	919	0.14 (−0.64, 0.91)^a	0.73
		cg27146050	922	2.30 (−0.83, 5.43)^a	0.15	919	1.33 (−0.91, 3.57)^a	0.24
		cg16672562	922	0.31 (−0.54, 1.15)^a	0.48	919	−0.04 (−0.64, 0.57)^a	0.90

Childhood BMI	Adolescent methylation	cg22891070	971	0.005(−0.002, 0.011)^c	0.17	937	0.001 (−0.004, 0.005)^c	0.78
		cg27146050	971	0.003 (0.001, 0.005)^c	0.001	937	0.003 (0.001, 0.004)^c	0.001
		cg16672562	971	0.005 (−0.003, 0.013)^c	0.21	937	0.002 (−0.004, 0.008)^c	0.60

Also adjusted for age at childhood/adolescence, sex, batch

Coefficients have been converted into percentage change in BMI for every 0.1 unit increase in methylation β value.

Coefficients are change in methylation per 1kg increase in birthweight.

Coefficients are change in methylation per 10% increase in BMI.