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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurophysiol. 2016 Apr 6;115(6):3195–3203. doi: 10.1152/jn.00046.2016

Figure 3. Effect of reward prediction error in ventral striatum.

Figure 3

We found that BOLD activity in ventral striatum was sensitive to RPEs associated with outcomes that were earned (A), but found no RPE representation in ventral striatum associated with outcomes that were observed (B). The differences between the effects of experiential and observational RPEs were significant in ventral striatum (C). SPMs of the effects (left) are overlaid on the group mean normalized anatomical image and thresholded at pUNC <0.005 and pUNC < 0.001 for the purpose of illustration. Histograms (right) represent the frequency of voxel-wise t-statistics in our bilateral ventral striatum ROI. For the contrast of negative effect of RPEOBS, no voxels in our ROI survive an uncorrected threshold of pUNC < 0.005