Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation (SD) for pQCT-derived outcomes at 60-64 years by menopausal characteristics.
| Diaphysis CSA mm2 | Medullary CSA mm2 | Total vBMD mg/cm3 | Trabecular vBMD mg/cm3 | Cortical vBMD mg/cm3 | Polar SSI mm3 | Spine L1-L4 aBMD g/cm3 | Hip aBMD g/cm3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age at natural menopause (years) | ||||||||
| <45 | 111.0 (19.6) | 36.6 (13.2) | 298.2 (73.2) | 146.5 (36.2) | 1139.9 (39.7) | 204.7 (48.4) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.83 (0.1) |
| 45-49 | 109.7 (16.0) | 37.1 (14.8) | 314.5 (72.4) | 167.0 (48.8) | 1143.3 (44.1) | 199.2 (38.4) | 0.89 (0.2) | 0.83 (0.1) |
| 50-52 | 111.9 (14.5) | 34.9 (12.1) | 320.1 (64.5) | 165.8 (40.3) | 1149.6 (38.3) | 211.8 (43.9) | 0.92 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| 53-55 | 112.2 (16.3) | 36.2 (13.4) | 331.7 (75.9) | 171.5 (44.1) | 1144.1 (41.8) | 204.8 (43.2) | 0.94 (0.2) | 0.88 (0.1) |
| 56-62 | 112.6 (17) | 33.7 (11.1) | 321.3 (54.8) | 171.9 (35.4) | 1149.9 (36.9) | 211.9 (45.8) | 0.98 (0.2) | 0.89 (0.1) |
| p-value for trend* | .2 | .3 | .014 | .004 | .3 | .2 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Age at hysterectomy (years) | ||||||||
| <40 | 115.3 (18) | 33.5 (13.1) | 337.1 (66.8) | 178.1 (37.1) | 1150.6 (28.8) | 224.7 (47.4) | 0.96 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| 40-44 | 113.8 (17.8) | 35.6 (12.8) | 343.9 (60.6) | 175.9 (44.3) | 1152.4 (36.9) | 216.8 (47.3) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| 45-49 | 112.1 (15.6) | 32.1 (12.6) | 341.2 (82.2) | 179.8 (44.9) | 1160 (34.1) | 214 (41.5) | 0.99 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| ≥50 | 111.9 (16.4) | 34.5 (11.1) | 347.8 (66.6) | 179.7 (37.8) | 1144.4 (43.1) | 213.5 (47.2) | 0.99 (0.2) | 0.89 (0.1) |
| p-value for trend* | .5 | .7 | .7 | >.9 | .6 | .3 | .3 | >.9 |
| Age at menarche (years) | ||||||||
| 9-10 | 111.2 (12.5) | 31.4 (9.01) | 349.3 (84) | 179.9 (40.1) | 1158.5 (32.5) | 213.2 (34.5) | 0.98 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| 11 | 113 (17.1) | 34 (12.7) | 339.2 (69.2) | 176.7 (40.6) | 1145.7 (44.2) | 217.2 (45.1) | 0.98 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| 12 | 114.4 (16) | 36.5 (13.2) | 340.5 (74.6) | 178.5 (46.1) | 1145.9 (39.8) | 213.1 (45) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.87 (0.1) |
| 13 | 111.5 (16) | 35.7 (12.3) | 320.9 (69.2) | 169 (41.1) | 1148.3 (40) | 207.9 (42.5) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| 14 | 111.5 (14.4) | 34.7 (11.9) | 318.9 (63.8) | 168.4 (34.9) | 1151.4 (33) | 207.5 (39) | 0.92 (0.2) | 0.85 (0.1) |
| 15-19 | 111.9 (17.5) | 34.7 (12.8) | 336.8 (68.5) | 157.7 (39.8) | 1150.9 (39.7) | 210.9 (38.5) | 0.91 (0.2) | 0.84 (0.1) |
| p-value for trend* | .4 | .7 | .03 | .01 | .9 | .2 | .004 | <.001 |
| Length of natural reproductive life | ||||||||
| ≤35 | 109.9 (18.7) | 37.3 (16.1) | 305.1 (70.3) | 155.5 (41.9) | 1140.9 (44.2) | 199.3 (41.3) | 0.86 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) |
| 36-37 | 109.1 (14) | 34.7 (11.2) | 324.2 (72.1) | 168.6 (46.9) | 1152.5 (40.7) | 204.6 (41.4) | 0.91 (0.2) | 0.84 (0.1) |
| 38-39 | 112 (15.4) | 35.5 (11) | 323.9 (65.6) | 173.4 (38.1) | 1151.4 (32.5) | 209.7 (46.8) | 0.91 (0.2) | 0.85 (0.1) |
| 40-41 | 112.3 (15.9) | 35.9 (14.3) | 339.3 (69.1) | 176.3 (41.1) | 1142.9 (44.7) | 207.1 (39.3) | 0.97 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| 42-43 | 116.3 (17.6) | 35.9 (11.1) | 319.7 (67.8) | 165.1 (38.6) | 1145.4 (31.6) | 220.1 (47) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.87 (0.1) |
| ≥44 | 109.6 (12.5) | 34.5 (8.8) | 316.6 (63.5) | 168.8 (38.4) | 1148.2 (39.3) | 198 (34.6) | 0.98 (0.2) | 0.88 (0.1) |
| p-value for trend* | .07 | .9 | .1 | .02 | .4 | .07 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Length of reproductive life (ceased surgically) | ||||||||
| ≤35 | 115.1 (16.4) | 34.3 (12.5) | 347 (70.3) | 180.4 (44.9) | 1154.6 (33.7) | 221.4 (44.0) | 0.97 (0.2) | 0.90 (0.1) |
| 36-37 | 115 (17.5) | 38.4 (9.3) | 318.4 (80.9) | 179.6 (33.6) | 1135.8 (35) | 214.6 (53.8) | 0.99 (0.2) | 0.90 (0.1) |
| 38-39 | 109.5 (14.2) | 32.2 (11.5) | 344.2 (66.3) | 177.7 (45.3) | 1151.8 (40.2) | 213.7 (39.9) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| 40-41 | 102.6 (7.2) | 24.5 (5) | 405.8 (67.2) | 204.6 (13.4) | 1192.8 (20.9) | 184.0 (7.9) | 1.09 (0.01) | 1.01 (0.1) |
| 42-43 | 104.9 (17.8) | 27.3 (8.3) | 391.3 (46.6) | 192.7 (21.5) | 1169.6 (27.4) | 198.4 (43.9) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.90 (0.1) |
| ≥44 | 122.7 (12.2) | 42.9 (16.3) | 317.1 (89.3) | 159.1 (57.8) | 1108.9 (77.5) | 235.2 (49.7) | 0.92 (0.2) | 0.88 (0.1) |
| p-value for trend | .01 | .2 | .7 | .7 | .9 | .02 | >.9 | .7 |
| Length of HRT use (years) | ||||||||
| ≥13 | 118.6 (17) | 35.4 (13.9) | 348.4 (66.4) | 174.5 (37.8) | 1165.2 (38.7) | 236.6 (49.1) | 1.01 (0.2) | 0.90 (0.1) |
| 11-12 | 111.9 (12.3) | 32.7 (8.17) | 337.6 (66.8) | 179.2 (35.7) | 1161.5 (32.1) | 215.1 (33.5) | 0.94 (0.1) | 0.88 (0.1) |
| 9-10 | 111.3 (14.2) | 32 (8.95) | 335.5 (67.2) | 175.1 (37.6) | 1156.8 (35.2) | 213.9 (43.5) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| 7-8 | 113.8 (13.7) | 33.6 (11) | 334.1 (70.8) | 178.5 (40.3) | 1152.8 (34.7) | 216.6 (35) | 0.95 (0.1) | 0.87 (0.1) |
| 5-6 | 112.3 (16.4) | 35.7 (13.4) | 316.7 (64.6) | 168.1 (38.9) | 1141.1 (38) | 211.9 (46.3) | 0.97 (0.2) | 0.87 (0.1) |
| 3-4 | 113.3 (16.1) | 34.8 (12.4) | 340.1 (73.4) | 175.6 (43.8) | 1146.9 (38) | 213.5 (41) | 0.96 (0.2) | 0.88 (0.1) |
| 1-2 | 114.1 (17.4) | 36.4 (14.3) | 334.6 (81.9) | 177.9 (51.4) | 1144 (45.7) | 212.6 (48.7) | 0.94 (0.2) | 0.88 (0.1) |
| < 1 | 111.4 (13.1) | 35.1 (9.44) | 326.4 (66.2) | 170.3 (39.7) | 1145 (39) | 204.4 (39.9) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| Never used HRT | 111.7 (16.4) | 36.3 (13.2) | 323.7 (66.7) | 167.5 (40.2) | 1146.7 (38.6) | 207 (43.4) | 0.92 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| p-value for trend* | .1 | .03 | .07 | .07 | .001 | <.001 | .002 | .1 |
| Last HRT use | ||||||||
| In the last year | 115 (15.2) | 33.1 (12) | 354.1 (65.5) | 175.7 (35) | 1165.8 (33.8) | 226.1 (45.6) | 1.01 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) |
| 1-5 years ago | 114.1 (14.6) | 33.9 (10.9) | 343.8 (69.8) | 174.4 (41.7) | 1152.2 (34.6) | 217.2 (46.4) | 0.94 (0.2) | 0.85 (0.1) |
| > 5 years ago | 112.6 (15.5) | 35 (12.1) | 326.9 (70.9) | 174.8 (42.9) | 1146.5 (39.8) | 211.5 (41.5) | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.87 (0.1) |
| Never used HRT | 111.7 (16.4) | 36.3 (13.2) | 323.7 (66.7) | 167.5 (40.2) | 1146.7 (38.6) | 207 (43.4) | 0.92 (0.2) | 0.86 (0.1) |
| p-value (category)* | .4 | .2 | .01 | .2 | .007 | .02 | .001 | .1 |
*
Tests for trend or categories were based on regression models where bone outcomes were logged, and age at period cessation, and length of reproductive life and length of HT use were included as months since birth.