Table 1. Demographic Variables.
| Total | Tablet Group | Control Group | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 43 | 22 | 21 | – |
| Age, years | 69.1 (3.3) | 68.4 (3.5) | 69.8 (3.0) | t(41) = 1.34, p = 0.19 |
| Female % | 67.4 | 71.4 | 63.6 | χ2(1) = 5.23, p = 0.02 |
| Years of education | 14.6 (3.4) | 15.3 (3.7) | 13.8 (2.9) | t(41) = −1.45, p = 0.15 |
| Total program hours | – | 94.1 (56.0) | – | –– |
| MMSE pre-intervention | 29.2 (0.8) | 29.2 (0.9) | 29.1 (0.6) | t(41) = −0.36, p = 0.72 |
| MMSE post-intervention | 28.7 (1.9) | 28.6 (0.9) | 28.8 (1.4) | t(41) = 0.47, p = 0.64 |
| Verbal comprehension pre-intervention | 30.4 (6.7) | 30.9 (6.3) | 29.9 (7.4) | t(41) = −0.48, p = 0.63 |
| Verbal comprehension post-intervention | 32.4 (6.0) | 32.5 (5.2) | 32.3 (6.9) | t(41) = −0.11, p = 0.91 |
| Perceptual reasoning pre-intervention | 31.5 (7.1) | 31.4 (7.9) | 31.6 (6.3) | t(41) = 0.95, p = 0.93 |
| Perceptual reasoning post-intervention | 34.0 (8.0) | 34.5 (8.2) | 33.5 (7.9) | t(41) = −0.40, p = 0.69 |
| Working memory pre-intervention | 21.5 (4.9) | 21.5 (5.8) | 21.6 (3.7) | t(41) = 0.78, p = 0.94 |
| Working memory post-intervention | 22.4 (5.7) | 22.0 (5.7) | 22.9 (5.9) | t(41) = 0.24, p = 0.81 |
| Processing speed pre-intervention | 14.5 (2.5) | 13.9 (2.3) | 15.1 (2.5) | t(41) = 1.59, p = 0.12 |
| Processing speed post-intervention | 15.2 (2.8) | 15.2 (3.1) | 15.2 (2.7) | t(41) = 0.10, p = 0.94 |
Notes: Possible range of scores for verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning was 3–57, and for working memory and processing speed was 2–38. Higher scores indicate better performance. Mean differences were tested with independent t tests for continuous variables, and with χ2 tests for categorical variables. Standard deviation in parentheses. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.