Table 2. Differences in arterial waveform parameters between European and non-European groupsa.
| Parameter | Mean (s.e.) | Difference compared with European (95% confidence interval) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European (n=3961) | Pacific (n=321) | Maori (n=266) | South Asian (n=250) | ||
| Unadjusted for brachial BP | |||||
| Brachial SBP (mm Hg) | 137.4 (0.4) | 5.4 (3.3, 7.6) | 3.8 (1.5, 6.1) | 0.1 (−2.3, 2.5) | P<0.0001 |
| Brachial DBP (mm Hg) | 76.7 (0.2) | 2.5 (1.4, 3.7) | 2.6 (1.4, 3.9) | −1.1 (−2.4, 0.2) | P<0.0001 |
| Aortic SBP (mm Hg) | 129.1 (0.4) | 5.3 (3.2, 7.3) | 3.9 (1.6, 6.1) | 0.5 (−1.8, 2.9) | P<0.0001 |
| Augmentation index | 29.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (−1.0, 1.3) | 1.8 (0.5, 3.0) | 4.0 (2.7, 5.3) | P<0.0001 |
| Backward pressure amplitude (mm Hg) | 20.8 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.3, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.1, 1.6) | P=0.003 |
| Peak reservoir pressure (mm Hg) | 119.9 (0.4) | 4.4 (2.5, 6.3) | 3.5 (1.5, 5.6) | 0.3 (−1.9, 2.4) | P<0.0001 |
| loge(excess pressure integral (mm Hg.s)) | 1.29 (0.01) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.18) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.11) | 0.05 (0.00, 0.10) | P<0.0001 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m.s−1) | 9.47 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.03, 0.21) | 0.07 (−0.02, 0.17) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.042 |
| Adjusted for brachial SBP | |||||
| Aortic SBP (mm Hg) | 130.7 (0.1) | 0.1 (−0.4, 0.6) | 0.3 (−0.2, 0.8) | 0.4 (−0.1, 1.0) | 0.32 |
| Augmentation index | 29.5 (0.2) | −1.2 (−2.3, -0.2) | 0.8 (−0.3, 2.0) | 3.9 (2.8, 5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Backward pressure amplitude (mm Hg) | 21.2 (0.09) | −0.3 (−0.8, 0.1) | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.4) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.004 |
| Peak reservoir pressure (mm Hg) | 121.3 (0.2) | 0.0 (−0.8, 0.8) | 0.5 (−0.4, 1.4) | 0.2 (−0.7, 1.0) | 0.76 |
| loge(excess pressure integral (mm Hg.s)) | 1.30 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.07) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m.s−1) | 9.53 (0.01) | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.05) | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.03) | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.04) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted for brachial DBP | |||||
| Aortic SBP (mm Hg) | 131.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.6, 3.4) | 0.5 (−1.0, 2.1) | 2.0 (0.4, 3.6) | 0.007 |
| Augmentation index | 29.6 (0.2) | −0.8 (−1.8, 0.3) | 0.8 (−0.4, 2.0) | 4.7 (3.5, 5.9) | <0.0001 |
| Backward pressure amplitude (mm Hg) | 21.0 (0.1) | 0.6 (−0.0, 1.3) | 0.4 (−0.3, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.3, 1.7) | 0.018 |
| Peak reservoir pressure (mm Hg) | 121.7 (0.2) | 1.2 (-0.0, 2.4) | 0.2 (−1.1, 1.5) | 1.7 (0.3, 3.0) | 0.034 |
| loge(excess pressure integral (mm Hg.s)) | 1.29 (0.01) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.11) | 0.05 (0.00, 0.10) | <0.0001 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m.s−1) | 9.52 (0.02) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.05) | 0.05 (−0.04, 0.14) | 0.50 |
Abbreviations: BP=blood pressure; DBP=diastolic BP; SBP=systolic BP.
a
All models were adjusted for age, sex, antihypertensive use, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, plus pulse rate for augmentation index. Some models were further adjusted for brachial SBP or brachial DBP, as indicated in italics above. P-values in table are for main effects. 95% confidence intervals that do not encompass 0 and significant main effects (P<0.05) for waveform variables are in bold.