Table I. Demographic characteristics of mothers with spontaneous conception versus IVF. Data are n (%) unless stated otherwise.
| Variables | Spontaneous conception (n = 1013) |
IVF (n = 76) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years), mean (SD) | 30.4 (5.2) | 33.9 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Chinese | 561 (55.4) | 62 (81.6) | |
| Malay | 271 (26.8) | 6 (7.9) | |
| Indian | 181 (17.9) | 8 (10.5) | |
| First-trimester BMI | 0.251 | ||
| <25 kg/m2 | 661 (65.3) | 44 (57.9) | |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 291 (28.7) | 26 (34.2) | |
| Missing, n (%) | 61 (6.0) | 6 (7.9) | |
| Nulliparous at recruitment | 436 (43.0) | 62 (81.6) | <0.001 |
| Missing | 10 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Previous history of Gestational diabetes mellitus | 35 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.112 |
| Missing | 25 (2.5) | 7 (9.2) | |
| Previous delivery of babies >4 kg | 17 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0.252 |
| Missing | 24 (2.4) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Family history of diabetes | 310 (30.6) | 12 (15.8) | 0.006 |
| Missing | 25 (2.5) | 2 (2.6) | |
| Menstrual cycle | |||
| Regular | 746 (73.6) | 51 (67.1) | 0.256 |
| Irregular | 240 (23.7) | 24 (31.6) | |
| Missing | 27 (2.7) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Fasting plasma glucose concentration (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.35 (0.46) | 4.47 (0.65) | 0.029 |
| 2-h postprandial plasma glucose concentration (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 6.49 (1.44) | 7.21 (1.78) | <0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 179 (17.7) | 23 (30.3) | 0.006 |
P-values are determined by chi-square or independent t-test.