Table 2. Outcome measures at baseline, 3-month and 12-month follow-up visits Baseline characteristics. Data are number (%) or mean (SD) or odds ratio (95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis is on the basis of intention to treat.
| Baseline | 3-month | 12-month | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (N=207) | Control (N=205) | Intervention (N=178) | Control (N=180) | Difference between Intervention and Control | Intervention (N=167) | Control (N=173) | Difference between Intervention and Control | |
| Physical measures | ||||||||
| Weight (Kg) | 105.2 (22.2) | 102.1 (22.1) | 104.7 (21.5) | 103.1 (23.5) | -0.55 (-1.44, 0.35) | 104.1 (21.1) | 101.3 (23.7) | 0.04 (-1.58, 1.66) |
| % weight change | -0.2 (4.4) | 0.4 (4.7) | -0.4% (-1.3%, 0.5%) | -0.5 (7.9) | -0.5 (8.3) | 0.0% (-1.6%, 1.7%) | ||
| Maintained or lost weight | 93 (52.2%) | 80 (44.2%) | 1.35 (0.88, 2.05)† | 98 (58.3%) | 88 (50.9%) | 1.35 (0.85, 2.14) † | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2)♦ | 36.1 (7.2) | 35.3 (7.2) | 35.8 (7.1) | 35.5 (7.4) | -0.16 (-0.48, 0.15) | 35.6 (7.2) | 34.8 (7.3) | 0.05 (-0.51, 0.61) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 117.8 (15.6) | 116.1 (17.4) | 116.8 (15.2) | 115.4 (17.0) | 0.79 (-0.64, 2.22) | 116.4 (16.1) | 114.0 (17.7) | 1.22 (-0.74, 3.20) |
| Blood pressure | 126 ± 16/82 ± 11 | 124 ± 17/82 ± 12 | 127 ± 16 / 82 ±11 | 123 ±16 / 81 ±12 | 2.4 (0.2, 4.7) / 0.4 (-1.5, 2.4) | 125 ± 15 / 82 ±10 | 122 ±16 /81 ±11 | 1.7 (-1.1, 4.5) 1.1 (-0.7, 3.0) |
| Biochemical measures | ||||||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 42 (13) | 40 (11) | 43 (15) | 41 (14) | 0.2 (-1.4, 1.9) | |||
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.9 (2.2) | 5.8 (2.3) | 6.4 (3.0) | 6.0 (2.8) | 0.2 (-0.2, 0.7) | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.1) | -0.2 (-0.4, 0.1) | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.0 (-0.1, 0.1) | |||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.5 (2.0) | 2.2 (1.7) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.4 (2.2) | -0.2 (-0.6, 0.1) | |||
| Psychosocial measures | ||||||||
| RAND (general health) | 45.0 (20.3) | 44.8 (20.7) | 48.0 (21.8) | 46.8 (20.3) | -0.3 (-3.4,2.8) | 49.8 (23.1) | 46.8 (21.4) | 2.2 (-1.3,5.6) |
| EQ5D | 0.793 (0.201) | 0.783 (0.187) | 0.815 (0.165) | 0.785 (0.214) | 0.02 (-0.02, 0.054) | 0.793 (0.237) | 0.793 (0.239) | -0.02 (-0.06, 0.03) |
| B-IPQ | 5.5 (1.5) | 5.5 (1.7) | 5.0 (1.7) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.0 (1.9) | 5.0 (1.7) | ||
| BPRS | 30.9 (8.8) | 31.5 (9.4) | 30.3 (9.0) | 30.4 (9.4) | 29.1 (9.7) | 28.3 (9.5) | ||
| PHQ9 | 10.6 (6.3) | 11.0 (6.8) | 10.3 (6.3) | 10.1 (7.1) | 9.9 (7.0) | 9.6 (6.6) | ||
| Physical Activity | ||||||||
| MVPA* (All days) | 13.3 (16.8) | 11.0 (13.1) | 13.3 (20.4) | 8.8 (12.6) | 2.0 (-0.9, 4.9) | 15.4 (21.7) | 11.8 (19.3) | 1.5 (-2.5, 5.5) |
| MVPA* (weekends) | 9.6 (16.6) | 9.6 (14.8) | 11.3 (24.9) | 7.4 (12.4) | 5.6 (2.0, 9.3) | 11.9 (22.1) | 9.5 (19.2) | 2.2 (-1.8, 6.2) |
| MVPA* (weekdays) | 14.4 (18.5) | 11.6 (14.8) | 13.8 (20.3) | 9.5 (14.3) | 0.9 (-2.0, 3.8) | 16.6 (24.5) | 12.6 (20.1) | 1.0 (-3.9, 6.0) |
| Mean Acceleration (All days) | 21.3 (7.9) | 20.8 (7.4) | 21.7 (9.0) | 19.8 (7.1) | -0.4 (-1.5, 0.8) | 22.4 (8.2) | 20.5 (8.5) | 0.2 (-1.4, 1.7) |
| Mean Acceleration (Weekends) | 19.6 (8.0) | 19.8 (8.3) | 20.4 (9.6) | 18.7 (6.9) | 1.0 (-0.3, 2.4) | 20.9 (8.6) | 19.4 (8.8) | 0.3 (-1.5, 2.1) |
| Mean Acceleration (Weekdays) | 22.1 (8.3) | 21.1 (7.1) | 22.1 (9.2) | 20.2 (7.5) | -0.7 (-2.0, 0.6) | 23.0 (8.5) | 20.9 (8.6) | 0.0 (-1.6, 1.6) |
†
Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
♦
10 participants had BMI below 25 Kg/m2 at baseline (ranging from 19.5-24.9 Kg/m2); none of these was from a South Asian or Chinese background.
*
MVPA (moderate-to-vigour physical activity) is assessed in bouts >10 minutes in duration. Baseline accelerometry data were obtained from 85% of participants of whom 76% provided valid data (≥4/7 days). Comparative data were available for 54% and 52% of participants at 3 and 12 months. B-IPQ: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; PHQ9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.