Table 3.
Literature values for human in vivo kfCK in normal volunteers at rest.
| Reference | Method1 | Localisation2 | Field (T) | N | Study mean ± SD or range (s-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardium | |||||
| (1) | FAST | 1D-CSI | 1.5 | 16 | 0.32±0.07 |
| (25) | FAST | 1D-CSI | 1.5 | 14 | 0.32±0.06 |
| (26) | FAST | 1D-CSI | 1.5 | 15 | 0.33±0.07 |
| (6) | TRiST | 1D-CSI | 3 | 8 | 0.32±0.07 |
| (7) | TwiST | 1D-CSI | 3 | 12 | 0.33±0.08 |
| (27) | TDST | 1D-ISIS | 3 | 15 | 0.32±0.05 |
| average | 0.323±0.067 | ||||
| Skeletal muscle (Calf) | |||||
| (6) | TRiST | 1D-CSI | 3 | 6 | 0.26±0.04 |
| (28) | ST | - | 3 | 6 | 0.31±0.04 |
| (28) | ST | - | 7 | 6 | 0.35±0.03 |
| (29) | ST | TSE | 3 | 30 | 0.23-0.29 |
| (30) | Prog. Sat. | TSE | 3 | 23 | 0.26-0.32 |
| (31) | ST | 1D-ISIS | 7 | 23 | 0.27-0.34 |
| (32) | IT | - | 7 | 10 | 0.46±0.09 |
| (33) | IT | - | 7 | 7 | 0.26±0.02 |
| average | 0.274±0.041 | ||||
1
FAST = four-angle saturation transfer, TRiST = triple repetition time saturation transfer, TwiST = two repetition time saturation transfer, TDST = time-dependent saturation transfer, ST = saturation transfer, Prog. Sat. = progressive saturation, IT = inversion transfer,
2
CSI = chemical shift imaging, ISIS = image-selected in-vivo spectroscopy, TSE = turbo spin echo.