Table 5.

Risk of being born small for gestational age (birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age) by partner’s employment and stratified by parity in the University Hospital Southampton maternity population-based cohort (singleton live births 2004–2016)

Sample	Model	Unemployed partner at first antenatal appointment
		OR	99% CI	P value
Whole sample, n mothers=41 841	Unadjusted risk	1.60	1.42 to 1.81	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 1	1.61	1.41 to 1.82	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 2	1.43	1.26 to 1.63	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 3	1.44	1.26 to 1.64	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 4	1.26	1.11 to 1.44	<0.001
Primiparous women only, n births=26 498	Unadjusted risk	1.76	1.50 to 2.06	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 1	1.60	1.36 to 1.88	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 2	1.44	1.21 to 1.70	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 3	1.45	1.22 to 1.71	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 4	1.33	1.12 to 1.58	<0.001
Multiparous women only, n births=15 343	Unadjusted risk	1.65	1.36 to 2.01	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 1	1.62	1.32 to 1.98	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 2	1.42	1.15 to 1.74	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 3	1.43	1.16 to 1.76	<0.001
	Adjusted risk—model 4	1.15	0.93 to 1.43	0.088

Model 1 adjusts for maternal age, ethnicity, gestational diabetes and systolic blood pressure.

Model 2 is model 1 plus maternal education and employment.

Model 3 is model 2 plus maternal body mass index as a potential mediator.

Model 4 is model 3 plus maternal smoking history as an additional mediator.

All models for the whole sample are adjusted for parity.