Table 4. Impulsive Behaviors and Psychiatric History of University Students Based on Nonmedical Use of Prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers.
| Variable | Students who currently misuse prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers (n= 73) |
Students who have misused prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers in the pas (n=94) |
Students who have never misused prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers (n=3358) |
Statistic Likelihood Ratio |
P-Value | Effect Size Cramer’s V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount of caffeinated soft drinks consumed over the past week n(%) | ||||||
| • Never | ||||||
| • 1-2 drinks | 34(47.2) | 40(43.5) | 1590(48.2) | LR=22.345 df=10 | .011 | .070 |
| • 3-6 drinks | 13(18.1) | 30(32.6) | 1076(32.6) | |||
| • 7-12 drinks | 12(16.7) | 12(13.0) | 420(12.7) | |||
| • 13-23 drinks | 5(6.9) | 6(6.5) | 145(4.3) | |||
| • 24 or more drinks | 6(8.3) | 3(3.3) | 47(1.4) | |||
| 2(2.8) | 1(1.1) | 1(1.1) | ||||
| Gambling disorder? | 3(20.0) | 1(6.7) | 10(3.7) | LR=5.207 df=2 | .074 | .169 |
| • Positive screen | ||||||
| Binge eating disorder? | 4(5.6) | 5(5.8) | 74(2.3) | LR=5.208 | .074 | .045 |
| • Positive screen | ||||||
| Has been treated for drug/alcohol use problems | 7(9.7) | 14(15.2) | 41(1.2) | LR=55.832 df=2 | <.001 * | .190 |
| • Yes | ||||||
| Has been treated for psychological/emotional problems | ||||||
| • Yes | 43(59.7) | 53(57.6) | 930(28.4) | LR=61.364 df=2 | <.001 * | .141 |
| Currently taking prescribed mental health medication(s) | 34(47.2) | 32(34.8) | 408(12.4) | LR=77.313 df=2 | <.001 * | .176 |
| • Yes | ||||||
| Has used drugs in order to lose weight | 19(39.6) | 13(23.6) | 103(6.8) | LR=51.885 df=2 | <.001 * | .226 |
| • Yes | ||||||
| PHQ-9 Total | LR=19.837 df=2 | <.001 * | .098 | |||
| • Score of 10 or more | 13(18.1) | 6(6.8) | 134(4.2) | |||
| PTSD | LR=51.849 df=2 | <.001 * | .144 | |||
| • Positive screen | 33(46.5) | 23(25.3) | 434(13.4) | |||
| Anxiety total Grouped | ||||||
| • No Anxiety (score 0-4) | 18(25.0) | 34(37.8) | 1897(59.5) | LR=67.314 df=6 | <.001 * | .114 |
| • Mild (score 5-9) | 21(29.2) | 36(40.0) | 751(23.5) | |||
| • Moderate (score 10-14) | 13(18.1) | 11(12.2) | 348(10.9) | |||
| • Severe (score 15-21) | 20(27.8) | 9(10.0) | 193(8.1) | |||
| ADHD | 28(39.4) | 27(29.7) | 535(16.7) | LR=28.440 df=2 | <.001 * | .101 |
| • Positive screen | ||||||
| Rosenberg Self-esteem scale | 22(31.0) | 19(21.1) | 450(14.3) | LR=15.173 df=2 | .001 * | .074 |
| • Less than 15 | ||||||
Data refer to N (percentage).
*
p<0.05 Bonferroni corrected.