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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 25;19(9):973–987. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30156-2

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of enrolled participants.

Sumba
Papua
Pooled sites
SST (n=337) IST (n=359) IPT (n=293) SST (n=407) IST (n=495) IPT (n=388) SST (n=744) IST (n=854) IPT (n=681)
Maternal age, years     28·1 (6·1)     27·8 (5·9) 28 (6·0) 26 (6·1)     25·9 (6·7)     25·8 (6·0) 27 (6·2)     26·7 (6·4)     26·8 (6·1)

Residence, rural vs semi-urban     95·0%
(320/337)
    91·1%
(327/359)
  90·1%
(264/293)
  59·2%
(241/407)
    67·9%
(336/495)
    58·0%
(225/388)
  75·4%
(561/744)
    77·6%
(663/854)
    71·8%
(489/681)

Marital status, single* vs married     62·3%
(210/337)
    65·2%
(234/359)
  63·1%
(185/293)
  34·6%
(141/407)
    27·1%
(134/495)
    35·3%
(137/388)
  47·2%
(351/744)
    43·1%
(368/854)
    47·3%
(322/681)

Used a bednet previous night     22·3%
(75/337)
    25·3%
(91/359)
  22·5%
(66/293)
  49·4%
(201/407)
    45·7%
(226/495)
    53·1%
(206/388)
  37·1%
(276/744)
    37·1%
(317/854)
    39·9%
(272/681)

Attended school     91·1%
(307/337)
    87·2%
(313/359)
  88·1%
(258/293)
  86·0%
(350/407)
    94·7%
(469/495)
    89·4%
(347/388)
  88·3%
(657/744)
    91·6%
(782/854)
    88·8%
(605/681)

Schooling level
     Low     22·0%
(74/337)
    23·4%
(84/359)
  22·9%
(67/293)
  22·1%
(90/407)
    11·7%
(58/495)
    15·5%
(60/388)
  22·0%
(164/744)
    16·6%
(142/854)
    18·6%
(127/681)
     Medium     30·9%
(104/337)
    25·9%
(93/359)
  26·3%
(77/293)
  18·2%
(74/407)
    16·2%
(80/495)
    13·4%
(52/388)
  23·9%
(178/744)
    20·3%
(173/854)
    18·9%
(129/681)
     High     21·1%
(71/337)
    23·1%
(83/359)
  28·0%
(82/293)
  22·6%
(92/407)
    24·2%
(120/495)
    18·8%
(73/388)
  21·9%
(163/744)
    23·8%
(203/854)
    35·8%
(244/681)
     Highest     26·1%
(88/337)
    27·6%
(99/359)
  22·9%
(67/293)
  37·1%
(151/407)
    47·9%
(237/495)
    52·3%
(203/388)
  32·1%
(239/744)
    39·3%
(336/854)
    39·6%
(270/681)

Socioeconomic Index score, terciles
   Low     34·4%
(116/337)
    32·0%
(115/359)
  33·4%
(98/293)
  43·5%
(177/407)
    30·1%
(149/495)
    26·8%
(104/388)
  39·4%
(293/744)
    30·9%
(264/854)
    29·7%
(202/681)
   Medium     32·6%
(110/337)
    33·4%
(120/359)
  34·8%
(102/293)
  32·4%
(132/407)
    33·1%
(164/495)
    34·3%
(133/388)
  32·5%
(242/744)
    33·3%
(284/854)
    34·5%
(235/681)
   High     32·9%
(111/337)
    34·5%
(124/359)
  31·7%
(93/293)
  24·1%
(98/407)
    36·8%
(182/495)
    38·9%
(151/388)
  28·1%
(209/744)
    35·8%
(306/854)
    35·8%
(244/681)

Pregnancy number, gravidity
   One     28·2%
(95/337)
    28·7%
(103/359)
  28·0%
(82/293)
  26·0%
(106/407)
    26·5%
(131/495)
    29·6%
(115/388)
  27·0%
(201/744)
    27·4%
(234/854)
    28·9%
(197/681)
   Two     22·3%
(75/337)
    24·0%
(86/359)
  20·5%
(60/293)
  29·2%
(119/407)
    31·5%
(156/495)
    29·1%
(113/388)
  26·1%
(194/744)
    28·3%
(242/854)
    25·4%
(173/681)
   Three or more     49·6%
(167/337)
    47·4%
(170/359)
  51·5%
(151/293)
  44·7%
(182/407)
    42·0%
(208/495)
    41·2%
(160/388)
  46·9%
(349/744)
    44·3%
(378/854)
    45·7%
(311/681)

Gestational age, weeks     24·1 (4·6)     24·1 (4·3)   24·1 (4·6)   23·7 (5·3)     22·8 (5·1)     23·8 (4·5)   23·9 (5)     23·4 (4·8)     23·9 (4·6)

Weight, kg     51·9 (7·0)     51·3 (6·8)   52·0 (8·1)   56·7 (5·3)     56·0 (9·6)     57·8 (9·4)   54·5 (8·6)     54·0 (8·8)     55·3 (9·3)

Height, cm   152·4 (5·4)   152·5 (5·6) 151·8 (6·3) 152·7 (5·3)   152·8 (5·5)   152·8 (5·3) 152·6 (5·3)   152·7 (5·5)   152·3 (5·8)

Mid-upper arm circumference, cm     24·6 (2·8)     24·2 (2·4)   24·7 (2·7)   25·3 (3·1)     25·6 (3·4)     25·8 (3·2)   25·0 (3·0)     25·0 (3·1)     25·3 (3·0)

Haemoglobin, g/dL     11·0 (1·4)     11·0 (1·6)   11·1 (1·5)   11·0 (1·9)     11·7 (1·8)     11·4 (1·9)   11·0 (1·7)     11·4 (1·8)     11·3 (1·7)

Plasmodium infection
   mRDT       0·3%
(1/337)
      0·0%
(0/359)
    0·0%
(0/2)
    7·4%
(30/407)
      3·0%
(15/495)
    50·0%
(3/6)
    4·2%
(31/744)
      1·8%
15/854)
    37·5%
(3/8)
   Microscopy       0·6%
(2/337)
      0·3%
(1/358)
    0·7%
(2/293)
    9·1%
(37/407)
      3·6%
(18/495)
      5·9%
(23/387)
    5·2%
(39/744)
      2·2%
(19/853)
      3·7%
(25/680)
   LAMP–PCR       6·5%
(22/337)
      2·8%
(10/359)
    8·6%
(25/290)
  11·8%
(48/407)
      5·9%
(29/495)
      9·0%
(35/387)
    9·4%
(70/744)
      4·6%
(39/854)
      8·9%
(60/677)
   Any§       6·5%
(22/337)
      3·1%
(11/359)
    8·5%
(25/293)
  17·7%
(72/407)
      7·7%
(38/495)
    12·1%
(47/388)
  12·6%
(94/744)
      5·7%
(49/854)
    10·6%
(72/681)

Infecting species
    Plasmodium falciparum, mono-infection       3·3%
(11/337)
      1·1%
(4/359)
    5·1%
(15/292)
    8·1%
(33/407)
      4·0%
(20/495)
      7·7%
(30/388)
    5·9%
(44/744)
      2·8%
(24/854)
      6·6%
(45/680)
    Plasmodium vivax, mono-infection       2·4%
(8/337)
      1·7%
(6/359)
    2·1%
(6/292)
    5·2%
(21/407)
      2·4%
(12/495)
      1·8%
(7/388)
    3·9%
(29/744)
      2·1%
(18/854)
      1·9%
(13/680)
    Plasmodium malariae or Plasmodium ovale, mono-infection       0·0%
(0/337)
      0·0%
(0/359)
    0·0%
(0/292)
    1·0%
(4/407)
      0·0%
(0/495)
      0·0%
(0/388)
    0·5%
(4/744)
      0·0%
(0/854)
      0·0%
(0/680)
    Mixed infection       0·6%
(2/337)
      0·3%
(1/359)
    0·7%
(2/292)
    3·4%
(14/407)
      1·2%
(6/495)
      2·6%
(10/388)
    2·2%
(16/744)
      0·8%
(7/854)
      1·8%
(12/680)

Data are mean (SD) or % (n/N). SST=single screen and treatment. IST=intermittent screen and treatment. IPT=intermittent preventive therapy. mRDT=malaria rapid diagnostic test. LAMP=loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

*

Single includes single unmarried participants only as there were no divorced, separated, or widowed participants. In Sumba, many participants were not legally married, but co-habiting with their partner and considered married within their local communities.

Low was defined as no schooling or primary school not completed, medium as primary school completed, high as junior high school completed, and highest as senior high school or tertiary education completed.

Data reflect mRDTs done in symptomatic participants in the IPT group and all participants in the SST and IST groups.

§

Includes mRDT results from symptomatic participants and microscopy and LAMP–PCR results from all participants.

Typing was done by PCR; if PCR was not successful, species was based on microscopy.