Table 2. Correlation with clinical phenotypes collected from the UK Biobank participants.
Two loci associated with left-handedness (rs199512 and rs3094128) were also significantly associated with numerous mental health variables and with familial history of Parkinson’s disease in the genotyped UK Biobank participants. Only results surviving correction for multiple comparisons across loci (n=4) and across clinical phenotypes (n=1,345, Supplementary Material) are presented, and these are ranked by effect size. In grey: clinical phenotypes not directly related to neurological or mental health symptoms.
| Locus | Category | UK Biobank Phenotype | beta | Direction* | uncorr-p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs199512 | Mental health | Neuroticism score | -0.086 | + | 3.70E-16 |
| Mental health | Sensitivity / hurt feelings | -0.013 | + | 5.10E-18 | |
| Mental health | Mood swings | -0.011 | + | 1.20E-13 | |
| Mental health | Frequency of tenseness / restlessness in last 2 weeks | -0.011 | + | 4.80E-10 | |
| Illnesses | Pain type(s) experienced in last month: Headache | -0.0089 | + | 4.60E-14 | |
| Mental health | Fed-up feelings | -0.0087 | + | 2.90E-09 | |
| Mental health | Irritability | -0.0081 | + | 2.00E-09 | |
| Mental health | Miserableness | -0.0077 | + | 1.20E-07 | |
| Mental health | Worrier / anxious feelings | -0.007 | + | 1.60E-06 | |
| Mental health | Nervous feelings | -0.0068 | + | 8.80E-08 | |
| Illnesses | Mouth/teeth dental problems: Mouth ulcers | -0.0054 | + | 1.40E-09 | |
| Family illnesses | Illnesses of mother: Parkinson's disease | 0.0018 | − | 1.90E-06 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: helicobacter pylori | 0.0007 | − | 3.70E-06 | |
| rs3094128 | Mental health | Seen doctor (GP) for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression | -0.0094 | + | 1.00E-11 |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: asthma | 0.0077 | − | 4.70E-16 | |
| Illnesses | Diagnosed by doctor: Asthma | 0.0076 | − | 9.50E-16 | |
| Illnesses | Hearing difficulty/problems with background noise | -0.0072 | + | 5.50E-07 | |
| Illnesses | Mouth/teeth dental problems: Dentures | 0.0066 | − | 2.10E-09 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: malabsorption/coeliac disease | 0.0055 | − | 9.8E-182 | |
| Mental health | Tense /'highly strung' | -0.0052 | + | 4.60E-06 | |
| Mental health | Seen a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension or depression | -0.005 | + | 6.90E-08 | |
| Illnesses | Eye problems/disorders: Diabetes related eye disease | 0.0034 | − | 1.80E-06 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: hypothyroidism/myxoedema | 0.0033 | − | 9.60E-08 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis | 0.0029 | − | 3.40E-29 | |
| Illnesses | Diabetes diagnosed by doctor | 0.0029 | − | 5.10E-06 | |
| Illnesses | Doctor diagnosed sarcoidosis | 0.0027 | − | 6.50E-13 | |
| ICD-10 codes | Diagnoses - main ICD10: R31 Unspecified haematuria | -0.0027 | + | 2.50E-10 | |
| ICD-10 codes | Diagnoses - main ICD10: K90 Intestinal malabsorption | 0.0022 | − | 8.80E-68 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: psoriasis | -0.0017 | + | 2.90E-08 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: enlarged prostate | -0.0016 | + | 1.20E-06 | |
| ICD-10 codes | Diagnoses - main ICD10: N40 Hyperplasia of prostate | -0.0013 | + | 3.30E-06 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: ankylosing spondylitis | -0.0008 | + | 2.70E-07 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: sarcoidosis | 0.0008 | − | 4.90E-10 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: systemic lupus erythematosis | 0.0005 | − | 2.90E-07 | |
| ICD-10 codes | Diagnoses - main ICD10: E10 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | 0.00048 | − | 4.40E-06 | |
| Non-cancer illness | Non-cancer illness code, self-reported: type 1 diabetes | 0.00039 | − | 5.80E-06 | |
This refers to the direction of the correlation between the phenotype in question and the allele that predisposes to non-right-handedness for rs199512 and rs3094128. A positive value indicates that the allele predisposing to non-right-handedness is positively correlated with the phenotype.