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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 22.
Published in final edited form as: Public Health Nutr. 2020 May 21;23(14):2637–2646. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020000075

Table 2. Multivariate logistic regressions exploring the associations between awareness of marketing and consumption of group one of foods.

Food and drink product types
Sugar drinks1 Flavoured Yoghurts1 Sweets1 Cakes and Biscuits1 Fruit2 Vegetables2 Diet drinks3 Crisps1 Desserts1
Variable and reference categories AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p
Age
   11-13 years old Ref n.s. Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref n.s. Ref 0.011 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001
   14-17 years old 1.26 0.029 0.63 0.001 0.76 0.010 0.81 0.035 0.71 0.005 0.97 n.s. 1.09 n.s. 0.67 0.001 0.61 0.001
   18-19 years old 1.08 n.s. 0.42 0.001 0.74 0.003 0.58 0.001 0.63 0.001 0.72 0.017 0.74 0.005 0.62 0.001 0.53 0.001
Gender
   Female Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref -
   Male 1.76 0.001 1.14 n.s. 0.97 n.s. 1.12 n.s. 0.69 0.001 0.83 n.s. 1.28 0.006 1.27 0.005 1.20 0.033
Ethnicity
   Other Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref -
   White British 1.00 n.s. 1.24 n.s. 1.44 0.001 1.13 n.s. 0.84 n.s. 1.32 n.s. 1.43 0.004 1.55 0.001 1.12 n.s.
Country
   England Ref 0.010 Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref 0.001 Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s.
   Wales (vs. England) 1.02 n.s. 0.89 n.s. 1.02 n.s. 0.85 n.s. 0.89 n.s. 0.52 0.002 0.74 n.s. 1.00 n.s. 0.78 n.s.
   Scotland (vs. England) 1.38 0.016 0.88 n.s. 1.30 n.s. 1.14 n.s. 1.06 n.s. 0.59 0.003 1.13 n.s. 0.86 n.s. 0.54 0.001
   N. Ireland (vs. England) 1.64 0.011 1.34 n.s. 1.09 n.s. 1.15 n.s. 1.04 n.s. 0.64 n.s. 1.07 n.s. 1.30 n.s. 0.34 0.001
IMD
   1 Ref 0.001 Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref 0.001 Ref n.s. Ref 0.049 Ref n.s.
   2 (vs. 1) 0.67 0.004 1.02 n.s. 1.37 0.028 1.36 0.027 1.21 n.s. 1.59 0.010 1.01 n.s. 0.97 n.s. 1.20 n.s.
   3 (vs. 1,2) 0.98 n.s. 0.94 n.s 1.14 n.s. 1.20 n.s. 1.08 n.s. 1.41 0.030 0.94 n.s. 0.73 0.006 1.10 n.s.
   4 (vs. 1,2,3) 0.64 0.001 0.94 n.s. 0.99 n.s. 1.09 n.s. 1.18 n.s. 1.94 0.001 1.02 n.s. 0.86 n.s. 1.19 n.s.
   5 (vs. 1,2,3,4) 0.75 0.014 0.90 n.s. 0.89 n.s. 0.93 n.s. 1.23 n.s. 2.34 0.001 0.98 n.s. 0.99 n.s. 1.24 n.s.
Weight status
   Underweight Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref 0.01 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref n.s. Ref n.s.
   Healthy weight (vs. u/w4) 1.13 n.s. 1.01 n.s. 1.04 n.s. 0.70 0.003 0.98 n.s. 0.91 n.s. 1.54 0.001 0.94 n.s. 1.09 n.s.
   Overweight (vs. u/w and healthy) 1.21 n.s. 1.30 n.s. 0.97 n.s. 0.80 n.s. 0.75 0.032 0.80 n.s. 1.70 0.001 0.96 n.s. 0.94 n.s.
   Obese (vs. all other) 1.20 n.s. 0.71 n.s. 1.36 n.s. 0.78 n.s. 0.55 0.002 0.39 0.001 3.46 0.001 1.04 n.s. 1.02 n.s.
Marketing
   Low Ref 0.001 Ref 0.005 Ref 0.026 Ref 0.001 Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref 0.001 Ref 0.006 Ref n.s.
   Medium (vs. low) 1.79 0.001 1.35 n.s. 1.32 n.s. 1.51 0.012 1.17 n.s. 1.27 n.s. 1.39 n.s. 1.40 0.038 1.16 n.s.
   High (vs. low and medium) 2.30 0.001 1.48 0.010 1.48 0.010 1.77 0.001 1.22 n.s. 0.95 n.s. 1.70 0.001 1.51 0.004 1.39 0.021
   Not stated (vs. all other) 0.93 n.s. 0.84 n.s. 1.02 n.s. 1.02 n.s. 0.93 n.s. 0.90 n.s. 0.91 n.s. 1.05 n.s. 0.94 n.s.

Notes: DV for all models = High consumption (≥2 portions per week) vs. Low (≤1 portions); Hosmer & Lemeshow for all models p>0.05; Chi-Square test of co-efficients for all models p<0.001; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio

1

HFSS products

2

Non-HFSS products

3

HFSS alternatives

4

Underweight; Cases with missing data on one or more variables excluded model-by-model sugar drinks (n = 895), flavoured yoghurts (n = 911), sweets (n = 892), cake/biscuits (n = 898), fruit (n = 900), vegetables (n = 899), diet drinks (n = 927), crisps (n = 892), desserts (n = 906).